nitrogenous waste

Question 1

ammonia

Answer 1

fish

• little energy cost
• highly toxic
• must excrete quickly
• requires a lot of water
• water is freely available
• very soluble

Question 2

urea

Answer 2

dog

• moderate energy cost
• moderate toxicity
• moderate amount of water to excrete
• suitable for terrestrial environment where there is access to drinking water
• moderately soluble

Question 3

uric acid

Answer 3

lizard

• high energy cost
• low toxicity
• requires low volume of water to excrete
• suitable for dry / desert environments
• insoluble

Question 4

loop of henle

Answer 4

• land mammals must conserve moisture and drink water often
• the longer the loop of henle the more water absorbed before entering the urine
• dessert animals have a long loop of henle and concentrated urine
• non dessert animals have a short loop of henle and less concentrated urine

Question 5

nephron

Answer 5

• functional unit of the kidney
• removes nitrogenous waste
• regulate water concentration
• maintain iron and salt levels