Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MED SURG COLLAB > Tuberculosis > Flashcards

Tuberculosis Flashcards

1
Q

Tuberculosis etiology

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Isoniazid is aka

A

INH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TB is called “multidrug-resistant tuberculosis” (MDR-TB_ if it is resistant to…

A

Isoniazid (INH) and rifampin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

TB occurs disproportionately to what categories of people?

A

Poor, underserved, and minorities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

People who are at higher risk for TB

A

Poor, underserved, minorities, IV drug users, people living in over-crowded conditions, poor sanitation, immunosuppressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three classifications of TB?

A

Primary, Latent, Reactivated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In primary TB, the patient inhales the bacterium which starts the __ __. s

A

Inflammatory reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In primary TB, most patients mount an effective immune response that…

A

encapsulates organisms for the rest of their lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In primary TB, the patient is usually __.

A

Asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is someone with primary TB contagious?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Persistent state of immune response to bacterium with no clinical manifestations of active TB

A

Latent TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is a patient with latent TB contagious?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What symptoms do patients with latent TB have?

A

None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A patient with latent TB with have a __ TB skin test.

A

Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Can a person with latent TB spread it to others?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the concern with a patient who has latent TB

A

They can develop active TB at some point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Active TB aka

A

Reactivated TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What percent of patients with latent TB develop reactivated TB?

A

5-10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How long does it take for a patient with latent TB to manifest symptoms of reactivated TB?

A

It can take years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The risk of developing reactivated TB is much higher in what groups?

A

Elderly and immunosuppressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is someone with reactivated TB contagious?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A patient with latent TB may or may not have what on a chest x ray?

A

ghon nodule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

positive TB skin test is a clinical manifestation of __ TB

A

latent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

positive sputum AFB is a clinical manifestation of __ TB

A

reactivated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Sputum AFB stands for
sputum acid fast bacillus
26
Point at which a patient with TB is contagious
Positive for AFB
27
Symptoms a patient with active TB
Fever, night sweats, weight loss, productive cough with purulent or bloody sputum for longer than 3 weeks
28
How long does a patient with active TB experience a productive cough?
For longer than 3 weeks
29
Bloody expectorate aka
hemoptysis
30
Two ways to evaluate TB infection
TB skin test and IGRA blood test
31
IGRA blood test stands for
Interferon gamma release assay blood test
32
Both types of evaluation of TB infection evaluate which type of immunity?
Cell mediated
33
Name of the TB skin test
Mantoux test
34
During a TB skin test, the raised bubble under the skin is called a __.
bleb
35
For a TB skin test, you come back in __ to __ hours to have it read
48-72
36
What is the nurse looking for when you go back and have your TB skin test read?
Induration (the raised area)
37
If after your TB skin test you have erythema (red area), is it positive?
No, only if you have induration (raised area) is it positive
38
What measurement of induration is considered positive for healthy people with no known risk factors for TB?
15 or more millimeters
39
What measurement of induration is considered positive in immigrants of less than five years from a country with high prevalence?
10 or more millimeters
40
What measurement of induration is considered positive in IV drug users?
10 or more millimeters
41
What measurement of induration is considered positive in residents or employees in high-risk congregate settings?
10 or more millimeters
42
What measurement of induration is considered positive in mycobacteriology lab personnel?
10 or more millimeters
43
What measurement of induration is considered positive in persons with clinical conditions that place them at high risk?
10 or more millimeters
44
What measurement of induration is considered positive in children less than 4 years of age?
10 or more millimeters
45
What measurement of induration is considered positive in children exposed to adults in high risk categories?
10 or more millimeters
46
What measurement of induration is considered positive in HIV infected persons?
5 or more millimeters
47
What measurement of induration is considered positive in persons with recent contact of TB infected person?
5 or more millimeters
48
What measurement of induration is considered positive in persons with fibrotic changes on chest radiograph consistent with prior TB?
5 or more millimeters
49
What measurement of induration is considered positive in patients with organ transplants?
5 or more millimeters
50
What measurement of induration is considered positive in persons who are immunosuppressed?
5 or more millimeters
51
What is the next step for a patient who has a positive TB skin test?
Chest x ray
52
What are they looking for on a chest x ray to indicate it is positive?
ghon nodule
53
If a patient does not have a ghon nodule on their chest x ray, but has a positive TB skin test, what does that indicate?
latent TB
54
If a patient has a positive chest x ray, what are the next steps?
They will undergo further testing to confirm or rule out active TB
55
Health promotion: what is the ultimate goal for TB?
Eradication
56
If a patient is positive for active TB, what needs to happen?
They need to identify people they have come in contact with and they need to be tested as well
57
What is essential to the treatment of active TB?
Strict adherence to antibiotic regimen
58
What antibiotic is most commonly prescribed to treat TB?
Isoniazid (INH)
59
Patients who are on antibiotics for TB will take them for how long?
Months, maybe even years
60
What may be ordered prn for a patient with TB?
Direct observation therapy
61
Why would a patient be ordered direct observation therapy?
They have been noncompliant with their drug regimen
62
What happens during direct observation therapy?
The patient is put in a situation where they go somewhere and we supervise them taking the pills
63
What is the purpose of direct observation therapy?
Increase adherence and decrease multi drug resistant TB
64
Notable side effects of isoniazid
hepatotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy
65
What is peripheral neuropathy?
A result of damage to the nerves located on the outside of the brain and spinal cord.
66
What is hepatotoxicity?
Damage to the liver, or toxic liver disease.
67
What is another drug that causes hepatotoxicity?
acetaminophen
68
Notable side effects of rifampin (Rifadin)
red/orange discoloration of excretions
69
Notable side effects of ethambutol (Myambutol)
decreased visual acuity, inability to differentiate between red and greed
70
What type of precautions are someone with TB on?
Airborne
71
A patient with active TB will be in what type of room?
Private room with negative pressure ventilation
72
What type of mask will the nurse wear when treating a patient with TB?
N-95 HEPA mask
73
What does HEPA mask stand for?
high-efficiency particulate air mask
74
How often are healthcare workers tested for TB?
Annually
75
If you are at high risk for contact for TB, you may be placed on...
preventative drug therapy
76
Prevention of transmission of patients at home includes..
Preventative drug therapy to high risk contacts, cover mouth/nose, wear mask in crowds, sputum AFB q 2 weeks
77
How many negative sputum AFB cultures for indicate a patient is no longer infectious?
3

MED SURG COLLAB (75 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions