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MED SURG COLLAB > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

Pneumonia definition:

A

Acute infection of the lung parenchyma

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2
Q

What is a parenchyma?

A

A functional unit of an organ

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3
Q

Functional portion (parenchyma) of the lung is the __.

A

Alveoli

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4
Q

Name 7 risk factors for pneumonia

A 
Age >65
Altered level of consciousness
Immobility
Debilitating illness
Malnutrition 
Smoking
Tracheal Intubation
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5
Q

Why is a patient with altered level of consciousness at risk factor for pneumonia?

A

They have a weakened cough and can’t expectorate their secretions

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6
Q

What type of pneumonia does altered LOC and weakened cough put a patient at risk for?

A

Aspiration pneumonia

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7
Q

In who does community-acquired pneumonia occur?

A

Patients who have not been hospitalized or lived in a long-term care facility within 14 days of first onset of symptoms

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8
Q

To be considered hospital-acquired pneumonia, the onset of symptoms should start at least…

A

48 hours after admission

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9
Q

If a patient is admitted with symptoms of pneumonia, can it be considered hospital-acquired?

A

No

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10
Q

A type of hospital-acquired pneumonia that often occurs in the ICU?

A

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)

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11
Q

List the four types of pneumonia .

A

Viral, bacterial, aspiration, opportunistic

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12
Q

What is the most common type of pneumonia?

A

Viral

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13
Q

Opportunistic pneumonia occurs in __ patients.

A

Immunocompromised

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14
Q

Aspiration pneumonia results from…?

A

Abnormal entry of material from mouth/stomach into lungs/trachea

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15
Q

This type of pneumonia is more serious and may require hospitalization.

A

Bacterial pneumonia

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16
Q

Viral pneumonia usually resolves in…?

A

3-4 days

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17
Q

What is the severity (virulence) of viral pneumonia?

A

It can be mild or self-limiting, or cause potentially life-threatening problems

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18
Q

Name three risk factors for aspiration pneumonia

A

Decreased LOC, dysphasia, and NG tubes

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19
Q

Nasogastric tubes must be __ to prevent aspiration pneumonia

A

post pyloric

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20
Q

Aspiration pneumonia may be __.

A

Silent

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21
Q

Pneumonia is usually preceded by an __ __ __.

A

upper respiratory infection

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22
Q

Myalgia definition

A

Muscle aches and pain

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23
Q

Malaise definition

A

General feeling of illness, discomfort, or lack of well-being

24
Q

Common manifestation of infection in the elderly

A

New onset confusion

25
List the symptoms of pneumonia
Fever, chills, cough, malaise, myalgia, chest pain with inspiration or cough, dyspnea, fatigue, confusion (elderly)
26
A bacterial pneumonia cough presents as __ and __.
productive and purulent
27
Purulent sputum looks...
green, rusty, like red currant jelly
28
A viral pneumonia cough presents as __ or __ cough.
nonproductive or scanty
29
In severe cases of pneumonia you can have __ __ or __ __.
respiratory distress or respiratory failure
30
Patients with __ are the ones most often admitted to the hospital with pneumonia
comorbidities
31
List three diagnostic tests used to diagnose pneumonia
Chest x-ray, WBC with differential, sputum specimen for culture and sensitivity
32
On a chest x-ray, the provider will look for...
Infiltrates
33
What are infiltrates?
Haziness on a chest x ray where it should be clear
34
Leukocytosis is seen in patients with what type of pneumonia?
Bacterial
35
Leukopenia definition
Low WBC count
36
What does a shift to the left mean on a WBC with differential?
Increase in count of immature neutrophils
37
What type of leukocyte is the first to respond in an acute bacterial infection?
Neutrophils
38
A positive sputum culture and sensitivity will identify what two things?
The bacteria and the antibiotics it is susceptible/resistant to
39
If the pneumonia is viral the sputum c&s will have what result?
negative
40
Four things to educate your patient on for pneumonia prevention
Pneumococcal vaccine, stop smoking, adequate sleep/rest, proper nutrition
41
Three things for the nurse to do for patients hospitalized with pneumonia (or at risk)
1) Know who is at risk! 2) Pulmonary toilet, early ambulation 3) Standard precautions and hand hygiene
42
For a patient with pneumonia, you should monitor __ and __ frequently. Trend the data.
Vital signs and pulse oximetry
43
When monitoring the vital signs of a patient with pneumonia, if that patient has an infection they may have alterations in vital signs such as...
Fever (temperature), tachycardia (HR), hypertension (BP), and/or hypoxemia (pulse ox)
44
You should auscultate your patient's lungs at the beginning of your shift to get a...?
Baseline for later comparison
45
What nursing intervention to keep pulse oximetry (typically) above 95%?
Supplemental oxygen if ordered
46
What is pulmonary toileting?
Turn, cough, deep breath, incentive spirometer
47
Postural drainage and percussion are examples of?
Chest physiotherapy (CPT)
48
Why does increased fluid intake help with pneumonia?
Helps loosen secretions
49
You can increase fluid intake by which two methods?
PO (if allowed) or IV
50
List nine nursing interventions in a patient with pneumonia or at risk for pneumonia
1) VS/Pulse ox monitoring 2) Lung auscultation 3) Supplemental oxygen 4) Pulmonary toileting/CPT 5) Increased fluid intake 6) Ambulation 7) Energy conservation 8) Drug Therapy 9) Teaching
51
In a patient with heart failure, increased fluid intake would be __.
Contraindicated
52
Energy conservation is necessary in a patient with pneumonia because they will have __ __
Activity intolerance
53
Drug therapy for bacterial pneumonia
Antibiotics
54
Drug therapy for pleuritic pain (chest pain)
Analgesics
55
Drug therapy for fever
Antipyretics
56
Pyretic means...
of or relating to fever

MED SURG COLLAB (75 decks)

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