TTM - The stages of the model Flashcards
What are the different stages of the TTM?
Pre-Contemplation Contemplation Preparation & Planning Action Maintenance Relapse Termination
What is Pre-contemplation?
Person has NO INTENTION of changing the behaviour in foreseeable future
May be LIFESTYLE CHOICE or LACK OF INFO
May be LACK OF CONFIDENCE or SELF-ESTEEM
Person typically UNMOTIVATED
RESISTS discussion or thinking of making change
NOT READY for traditional health promotion behaviours
What is a good intervention for pre-contemplators?
Harm Reduction
What is Contemplation?
Expresses intention to change in next 6 months
Aware of benefits and costs of making change
DECISIONAL BALANCE may keep them in this stage for a very long time (chronic contemplation or behavioural procrastination)
Not ready for an intervention that expects immediate action
Still partaking in risky behaviour but know it is causing problems
What are other names for being stuck in contemplation stage due to decisional balance?
Chronic contemplation
Behavioural Procrastination
What are appropriate interventions for Contemplators
Motivational Interviewing
Information and choices
What is preparation and planning?
Person intends to take action in immediate future (P and D defined as 30 days)
They have a plan of action
They have taken some preparatory action such as obtaining information etc in last year
They are ready for traditional action based health promotion intervention
When does someone usually move from prep and planning to action
When they select a plan of action they feel will work and if they feel confident they can follow through
What is cognitive dissonance?
The mental discomfort experienced by someone who simultaneously holds to or more contradictory beliefs, ideas or values
What is the action stage?
Individual has made efforts to modify behaviours, experiences or environments within the last six months to overcome their problem.
What does research caution about those in the action stage?
Don’t mistake visible action of trying to change with change itself. Individuals actual change only occurs when a certain criteria has been reached, criteria scientists and professionals agree is sufficient to reduce risks from the problem behaviour
What is the maintenance phase?
People are said to be in maintenance when they are working to prevent relapse and secure their gains made during actions
“MAINTENANCE IS A CONTINUATION OF CHANGE, NOT AN ABSENCE OF IT” (Prochaska et al, 1992,p1104)
How long did Prochaska and Diclemente consider maintenance to last?
For addictive behaviours extends
How long did Prochaska and Diclemente consider maintenance to last?
For addictive behaviours extends from 6 months to an indeterminate period past initial action. In some cases it could be a lifetime
What is the hallmark of precontemplation?
Resistance to or recognising a need for change
What is the hallmark of contemplation?
Serious consideration of problem resolution
What is the hallmark of preparation?
They have a plan of action and are intending to do so in the very near future
What is the hallmark of action?
Modification of the target behaviour to an acceptable criterion and significant overt efforts to change
What is the hallmark of maintenance?
Stablising behaviour change and avoiding relapse
