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University of Success School > Tsunamis and other natural disasters Fact Tracker > Flashcards

Tsunamis and other natural disasters Fact Tracker Flashcards

1
Q

Name the natural disasters that begin deep inside the earth

A

Tsunamis

Earthquakes

volcanoes

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2
Q

Name the natural disasters caused by weather

A

Hurricanes

Tornadoes

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3
Q

Can volcanos happen underwater as well as on land

A

Yes

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4
Q

Each year on an average there are how many volcanoes that occur on this planet

A

1 million

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5
Q

Most earthquakes on our planet lasts for how long?

A
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6
Q

On which layer of the earth do we live on

A

Crust

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7
Q

In most places the crust of the earth is how thick

A

25 miles

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8
Q

How thick is the crust of the earth under the ocean

A

6 miles thick

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9
Q

The middle layer of the earth is known as ?

A

Mantle

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10
Q

What is the mantle of the earth made up of

A

Super hot rocks. The rocks in the mantle are like thick paste.

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11
Q

What is the Magma

A

Deeper down in the mantle the rocks get so hot that they melt. This melted rock is called magma.

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12
Q

The inner part of the earth is called the

A

Core

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13
Q

The core of the earth is divided into two parts, name them

A

Inner core

outer core

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14
Q

The earths crust is not made up of a single large piece but is made up of different pieces that come in different sizes and shapes. These pieces are known as

A

Plates

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15
Q

How many plates make up the earths crust

A

9 large plates and many smaller ones

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16
Q

The point directly above where the earthquake occurs is the

A

Epicenter

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17
Q

As the plates slide over each other they cause a break on the earths surface. This break on the earths surface is known as

A

Fault line

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18
Q

During an earth quake powerful waves are generated, the waves are known as

A

Seismic waves

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19
Q

At what speed does the earth quake wave move through solid rock

A

1600 miles per hour

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20
Q

The smaller waves that come after an earthquake are known as

A

Aftershocks

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21
Q

For how long can the aftershocks last

A

Days, weeks or even months

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22
Q

The instrument to measure earthquakes is known as

A

Seismograph

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23
Q

The scientist who studies earthquakes is known as a

A

Seismologist

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24
Q

The scale used to measure earthquakes is known as

A

Moment Magnitude

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25
Q

Most earthquakes in the United States occur in which two places

A

Alaska

California

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26
Q

What does the word TSUNAMI mean in Japanese

A

Harbour waves

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27
Q

Some people call TSUNAMIS as

A

Tidal waves

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28
Q

How are most of the waves on the beach formed

A

Wind moving over the water

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29
Q

What causes Tsunamis

A

Underwater earthquakes

underwater volcanoes

landslides

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30
Q

Just before a tsunami the water pulls back a long way from the shore. This phenomenon is known as

A

Drawback

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31
Q

Can we see the tsunami waves from the sea shore

A

Yes

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32
Q

Can we notice the tsunami waves in the middle of the ocean

A

No

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33
Q

Animals can sense the earth is going to shake and so, they become restless before and earthquake, is this true

A

Yes

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34
Q

The height of a tsunami wave is slightly higher than the normal sea wave, this difference in height is known as?

A

Run up

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35
Q

The word volcano is derived from

A

Vulcan, the Roman god of fire

36
Q

The hot fliud or semi fluid below the earths crust is known as?

A

Magma

37
Q

The magma rises to the surface through passages called?

A

Conduits

38
Q

When magma hits open air, it cools down, this cooled down magma known as

A

Lava

39
Q

Are all volcanic eruptions violent?

A

No

40
Q

Lava is of two types, name them

A

Thick lava

Thin lava

41
Q

In AD 79 mount Vesuvius erupted and buried the town of?

A

Pompeii

42
Q

When mount Vesuvius erupted and buried the entire town of Pompeii, what actually killed the residents of Pompeii

A

Pyroclastic flow

43
Q

What is a PYROCLASTIC FLOW

A

It is a blast of hot ash and gas

44
Q

In 1902 on the island of Martinique, in the West Indies, Mount Pelee erupted and destroyed the town of?

A

Saint Pierre

45
Q

Can Volcanoes change the climate of the planet

A

Yes

46
Q

How can volcanoes change the climate of the planet?

A

Volcanic dust drifts high into the sky and spreads all over the planet. The dust filters the sun and the temperature drops. The planet becomes very cold.

47
Q

Can you name some different types of volcanoes?

A

Shield volcano

Cinder volcano

Composite volcano

48
Q

How does a shield volcano look like

A

It looks like a giant bowl

49
Q

What is a cinder cone volcano

A

The lava is shot so high into the air that it cools into cinders

50
Q

What are CINDERS?

A

Solidified lava

51
Q

Where in the world can one find a CINDER CONE VOLCANO?

A

Mount Etna, Italy

52
Q

Wher in the world can we find a SHIELD VOLCANO

A

Mauna Loa in Hawaii

53
Q

What is a composite volcano?

A

These volcanoes are made up of layers of rock, ash and lava from many eruptions over the years.

54
Q

Where in the world can we find a COMPOSITE VOLCANO

A

Mount Fuji in Japan

55
Q

Name the highest mountain in Japan

A

Mount Fuji

56
Q

Based on the activity of a volcano, they are divided into three types, name them?

A

Active volcanoes

Dormant volcanoes

Extinct Volcanoes

57
Q

What is an ACTIVE VOLCANO?

A

A volcano that has recently erupted or one that could erupt soon

58
Q

What is a DORMANT VOLCANO

A

A volcano that has not erupted for a long time but one that could erupt again

59
Q

What is an EXTINCT VOLCANO

A

A volcano that has not erupted for thousands of years and is unlikely to erupt.

60
Q

Half of the earth is covered by which ocean

A

Pacific Ocean

61
Q

Most of the Tsunamis, Earthquakes and Volcanoes occur where on the planet

A

In the Pacific Ocean

62
Q

All the earthquakes that occur in the Pacific Ocean, occur around a area called?

A

Ring of fire

63
Q

What is a VOLCANIC ISLAND?

A

When underwater volcanoes grow up past the surface of the water they form volcanic islands

64
Q

Give me two examples of VOLCANIC ISLAND

A

Japan

phillipines

Hawaii

65
Q

What is the capital of Philippines

A

Manila

66
Q

What is the capital of Japan

A

Tokyo

67
Q

The largest underwater volcano in the world is

A

Mauna Loa in Hawaii

68
Q

65 million years ago a large asteroid crashed off the coat of Mexico, in what is now the village of CHICXULUB. This event was known as the?

A
69
Q

Scientists wonder if the DISASTER at CHIXCULUB caused the extinction of the dinosaurs, is this statement true

A

Yes

70
Q

At the Yellowstone National Park, in the US, plumes of hot water shoot out of the ground high into the air. These are called?

A

Geysers

71
Q

Some scientists call it THE BEAST OF YELLOWSTONE, what is the beast

A

A large volcano that lies under the park

72
Q

A huge bowl shaped hole left behind after a volcano erupts is called?

A

Caldera

73
Q

Scientists call this the SUPERVOLCANO, it erupted 75000 years ago, today a beautiful lake lies in its crater. Name this volcano?

A

Toba in Indonesia

74
Q

What is the capital of the country Indonesia?

A

Jakarta

75
Q

2000 years ago a Greek philosopher, Plato, wrote of a continent that disappeared. Name this continent?

A

Atlantis

76
Q

The people who lived on Atlantis were known as

A

Minoans

77
Q

Today scientists are almost sure that ATLANTIS was actually the Greek islands of……

A

Crete and Santorini

78
Q

Name this device

A

Bullhorn

79
Q

Name this device

A

Life detector

80
Q

When does a mudslide usually occur

A

After rains or after a snowmelt

81
Q

If it rains after a volcano has erupted, Lava and ash turn to mud. The mudslide that results is called?

A

Lahar

82
Q

What is an avalanche?

A

It is a mixture of snow, ice rocks and dirt that comes down a mountain

83
Q

The world’s Avalanche record in the last ten years is held by which country

A

France

84
Q

The most dangerous Avalanche are called

A

Slab Avalanche

85
Q

How does a snowflake appear under a microscope

A

A star with six points

86
Q

No two snowflakes are the same, is this true?

A

Yes

87
Q

How does the LIFE DETECTOR work

A

As the victims tap, the LIFE DETECTOR senses from where the sound is coming from. Rescuers then try to reach the victims

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