Tsunamis and other natural disasters Fact Tracker Flashcards
Name the natural disasters that begin deep inside the earth
Tsunamis
Earthquakes
volcanoes
Name the natural disasters caused by weather
Hurricanes
Tornadoes
Can volcanos happen underwater as well as on land
Yes
Each year on an average there are how many volcanoes that occur on this planet
1 million
Most earthquakes on our planet lasts for how long?
On which layer of the earth do we live on
Crust
In most places the crust of the earth is how thick
25 miles
How thick is the crust of the earth under the ocean
6 miles thick
The middle layer of the earth is known as ?
Mantle
What is the mantle of the earth made up of
Super hot rocks. The rocks in the mantle are like thick paste.
What is the Magma
Deeper down in the mantle the rocks get so hot that they melt. This melted rock is called magma.
The inner part of the earth is called the
Core
The core of the earth is divided into two parts, name them
Inner core
outer core
The earths crust is not made up of a single large piece but is made up of different pieces that come in different sizes and shapes. These pieces are known as
Plates
How many plates make up the earths crust
9 large plates and many smaller ones
The point directly above where the earthquake occurs is the
Epicenter
As the plates slide over each other they cause a break on the earths surface. This break on the earths surface is known as
Fault line
During an earth quake powerful waves are generated, the waves are known as
Seismic waves
At what speed does the earth quake wave move through solid rock
1600 miles per hour
The smaller waves that come after an earthquake are known as
Aftershocks
For how long can the aftershocks last
Days, weeks or even months
The instrument to measure earthquakes is known as
Seismograph
The scientist who studies earthquakes is known as a
Seismologist
The scale used to measure earthquakes is known as
Moment Magnitude
Most earthquakes in the United States occur in which two places
Alaska
California
What does the word TSUNAMI mean in Japanese
Harbour waves
Some people call TSUNAMIS as
Tidal waves
How are most of the waves on the beach formed
Wind moving over the water
What causes Tsunamis
Underwater earthquakes
underwater volcanoes
landslides
Just before a tsunami the water pulls back a long way from the shore. This phenomenon is known as
Drawback
Can we see the tsunami waves from the sea shore
Yes
Can we notice the tsunami waves in the middle of the ocean
No
Animals can sense the earth is going to shake and so, they become restless before and earthquake, is this true
Yes
The height of a tsunami wave is slightly higher than the normal sea wave, this difference in height is known as?
Run up
The word volcano is derived from
Vulcan, the Roman god of fire
The hot fliud or semi fluid below the earths crust is known as?
Magma
The magma rises to the surface through passages called?
Conduits
When magma hits open air, it cools down, this cooled down magma known as
Lava
Are all volcanic eruptions violent?
No
Lava is of two types, name them
Thick lava
Thin lava
In AD 79 mount Vesuvius erupted and buried the town of?
Pompeii
When mount Vesuvius erupted and buried the entire town of Pompeii, what actually killed the residents of Pompeii
Pyroclastic flow
What is a PYROCLASTIC FLOW
It is a blast of hot ash and gas
In 1902 on the island of Martinique, in the West Indies, Mount Pelee erupted and destroyed the town of?
Saint Pierre
Can Volcanoes change the climate of the planet
Yes
How can volcanoes change the climate of the planet?
Volcanic dust drifts high into the sky and spreads all over the planet. The dust filters the sun and the temperature drops. The planet becomes very cold.
Can you name some different types of volcanoes?
Shield volcano
Cinder volcano
Composite volcano
How does a shield volcano look like
It looks like a giant bowl
What is a cinder cone volcano
The lava is shot so high into the air that it cools into cinders
What are CINDERS?
Solidified lava
Where in the world can one find a CINDER CONE VOLCANO?
Mount Etna, Italy
Wher in the world can we find a SHIELD VOLCANO
Mauna Loa in Hawaii
What is a composite volcano?
These volcanoes are made up of layers of rock, ash and lava from many eruptions over the years.
Where in the world can we find a COMPOSITE VOLCANO
Mount Fuji in Japan
Name the highest mountain in Japan
Mount Fuji
Based on the activity of a volcano, they are divided into three types, name them?
Active volcanoes
Dormant volcanoes
Extinct Volcanoes
What is an ACTIVE VOLCANO?
A volcano that has recently erupted or one that could erupt soon
What is a DORMANT VOLCANO
A volcano that has not erupted for a long time but one that could erupt again
What is an EXTINCT VOLCANO
A volcano that has not erupted for thousands of years and is unlikely to erupt.
Half of the earth is covered by which ocean
Pacific Ocean
Most of the Tsunamis, Earthquakes and Volcanoes occur where on the planet
In the Pacific Ocean
All the earthquakes that occur in the Pacific Ocean, occur around a area called?
Ring of fire
What is a VOLCANIC ISLAND?
When underwater volcanoes grow up past the surface of the water they form volcanic islands
Give me two examples of VOLCANIC ISLAND
Japan
phillipines
Hawaii
What is the capital of Philippines
Manila
What is the capital of Japan
Tokyo
The largest underwater volcano in the world is
Mauna Loa in Hawaii
65 million years ago a large asteroid crashed off the coat of Mexico, in what is now the village of CHICXULUB. This event was known as the?
Scientists wonder if the DISASTER at CHIXCULUB caused the extinction of the dinosaurs, is this statement true
Yes
At the Yellowstone National Park, in the US, plumes of hot water shoot out of the ground high into the air. These are called?
Geysers
Some scientists call it THE BEAST OF YELLOWSTONE, what is the beast
A large volcano that lies under the park
A huge bowl shaped hole left behind after a volcano erupts is called?
Caldera
Scientists call this the SUPERVOLCANO, it erupted 75000 years ago, today a beautiful lake lies in its crater. Name this volcano?
Toba in Indonesia
What is the capital of the country Indonesia?
Jakarta
2000 years ago a Greek philosopher, Plato, wrote of a continent that disappeared. Name this continent?
Atlantis
The people who lived on Atlantis were known as
Minoans
Today scientists are almost sure that ATLANTIS was actually the Greek islands of……
Crete and Santorini
Name this device
Bullhorn
Name this device
Life detector
When does a mudslide usually occur
After rains or after a snowmelt
If it rains after a volcano has erupted, Lava and ash turn to mud. The mudslide that results is called?
Lahar
What is an avalanche?
It is a mixture of snow, ice rocks and dirt that comes down a mountain
The world’s Avalanche record in the last ten years is held by which country
France
The most dangerous Avalanche are called
Slab Avalanche
How does a snowflake appear under a microscope
A star with six points
No two snowflakes are the same, is this true?
Yes
How does the LIFE DETECTOR work
As the victims tap, the LIFE DETECTOR senses from where the sound is coming from. Rescuers then try to reach the victims
