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University of Success School > CHEM MASTERS > Flashcards

CHEM MASTERS Flashcards

1
Q

Everything around us is made up of

A

Matter

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2
Q

Air that we breathe is matter
True or false

A

true

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3
Q

All the matter in the universe originated from the

A

Big bang

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4
Q

How did the Big Bang create all matter

A
  1. During the Big bang large amounts of energy was released
  2. These bundles of energy formed tiny particles from which all matter was created
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5
Q

Name some types of Energy

A
  1. Light energy
  2. heat energy
  3. Chemical energy
  4. Solar energy
  5. Electrical energy
  6. Magnetic energy
  7. Sound energy
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6
Q

The word material is derived from the word

A

matter

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7
Q

Define matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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8
Q

Define Volume

A

The space occupied by matter

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9
Q

Do atoms usually have an independent existence

A

NO

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10
Q

Two or more atoms combine to form a

A

Molecule

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11
Q

The Symbol O represents

A

The Oxygen atom

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12
Q

This symbol represents

A

The Oxygen gas which is a molecule made of two atoms of oxygen

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13
Q

Can atoms and molecules be seen with the naked eye or through a simple microscope

A

NO

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14
Q

name the Indian Philosopher who proposed that matter is made of Atoms almost 2600 years ago

A

Kannada

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15
Q

In the modern times who proposed that matter is made of Atoms

A

John dalton

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16
Q

Define INTERMOLECULAR FORCE

A

Particles of matter are held together by a force of attraction called INTERMOLECULAR FORCE

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17
Q

Particles of matter are always in a Random Motion
True or false

A

True

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18
Q

The particles of motion that are in Random motion posses a kind of energy called

A

KINETIC ENERGY

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19
Q

How can we increase the Kinetic energy of the particles

A

by heating it

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20
Q

Particles of matter have spaces between them called

A

Intermolecular space

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21
Q

Solids are of two types

A
  1. Hard solids
  2. Soft solids
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22
Q

Solids have how many free surfaces

A

many

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23
Q

Liquids have how many free surfaces

A

One

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24
Q

Gases have how many free surfaces

A

None

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25
Q

List the properties of Solids

A
  1. They have a definite volume
  2. They are Rigid
  3. They have a definite shape and theyb retain their shape
  4. Incompressible
  5. Any number of free surfaces
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26
Q

Gases exert equal pressure on all sides.
True or false

A

True

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27
Q

Define AIR

A

Air is a mixture of gases

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28
Q

Define FLUID

A

All substances that can flow is called a fluid

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29
Q

Give examples of fluids

A

Liquids and Gases

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30
Q

Do atoms of a solid move

A

No
They only vibrate about their mean position

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31
Q

What are the two factors that create the different states of matter

A
  1. Intermolecular force of attraction
  2. Intermolecular space
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32
Q

The Random motion of particles are of two types

A
  1. Browinian Motion
  2. Diffusion
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33
Q

Define Brownian Motion

A

The Zig Zag motion of a particle in a suspended medium is called Brownian motion

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34
Q

What is diffusion

A

The phenomenon of intermixing of particles of one type with another is called Diffusion

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35
Q

Name the fluid that diffuses very easily

A

Gases

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36
Q

Liquids diffuse slower than Gases.
True or false

A

True

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37
Q

What are Miscible Liquids

A

Liquids that micx with each other

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38
Q

Give an example of Miscible liquids

A

Water and alcohol

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39
Q

Liquids that dont mix with each other are called

A

Immiscible liquids

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40
Q

Give an example of Immiscible Liquid

A

Oil and water

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41
Q

What is the effect of Temperature on Diffusion

A

When temperature increases the rate of diffusion increases

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42
Q

Why dont solids diffuse under Normal conditions

A

Solids are very rigid

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43
Q

Give three examples of diffusion

A
  1. Leakage of LPG gas
  2. Red ink in water
  3. Incense stick
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44
Q

What is INTERCONVERSION OF STATES OF MATTER

A

Matter can change from one state to another under certain conditions of Temperature and pressure without any change in its chemical properties

Please Take care

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45
Q

Give three examples of Pressure causing a change in State of matter

A
  1. under normal conditions the LPG is a a gas but in the cylinder its liquid under high pressure.
  2. oxygen is a gas but in the oxygen cylinder its liquid under pressure
  3. The hardest rock under the earths crust melts under high temperature and pressure
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46
Q

What is Sublimation

A

The conversion of a solid substance to a gaseous state without undergoing a liquid stae on heating

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47
Q

Give examples of sublimation

A
  1. Camphor
  2. Naphthalene
  3. Iodine
  4. Dry ice
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48
Q

What is dry ice

A

Solid Carbon dioxide

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49
Q

Define MELTING POINT

A

The FIXED TEMPERATURE at which solid changes to a liquid at a given PRESSURE

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50
Q

The Melting point of ice is

A

Zero degree celsius

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51
Q

The Freezing point of water is

A

Zero degree celsius

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52
Q

Vaporisation is also known as

A

Evaporation

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53
Q

Define vaporisation

A

The process by which a substance changes from a liquid state to a vapour state

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54
Q

Can Evaporation occur at room temperature

A

Yes

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55
Q

Can Boiling occur at room temperature

A

No

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56
Q

What is boiling

A

The change of state from a liquid to a gaseous state by heating.
Boiling is the extreme form of vaporisation

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57
Q

Define Boiling Point

A

The fixed temperature at which a liquid starts changing to a gaseous state

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58
Q

Define Condensation

A

The process by which a gaseous state changes to a liquid state is called Condensation

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59
Q

Condensation is also known as

A

Liquefaction

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60
Q

Define Condensation Point

A

The definite temperature at which a gaseous state changes to a liquid state

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61
Q

the condensation point of Steam is

A

100 degree celsius

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62
Q

Freezing is aka

A

Solidification

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63
Q

Define Freezing

A

The process by which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid state

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64
Q

Define Freezing Point

A

The definite temperature at which liquid changes to a solid state

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65
Q

What is THERMAL EXPANSION

A

All the states of matter expand on heating. This is called Thermal Expansion

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66
Q

This thin glass tube with a small internal diameter is called

A

Capillary Tube

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67
Q

The Thermometer is constructed based on which scientific principle

A

Liquids expand on heating and contract on cooling

68
Q

List the three most important effects of heat on Matter

A
  1. Interconversion of states of matter
  2. Thermal expansion
  3. Chemical change
69
Q

The permanent change in which a new substance is created from the substances takes is known as

A

Chemical change

70
Q

Give an example of a Physical and chemical change

A
  1. The candle wax burns..Physical change
  2. The vapour produced when the wax burns reacts with air and produces Carbon dioxide and water..Chemical change
71
Q

Chemically matter can be divide into

A
  1. Elements
  2. Compounds
  3. Mixtures
72
Q

List 6 properties of a pure substance

A
  1. It has definite physical and chemical properties
  2. It has a fixed melting and boiling point
  3. It cannot be broken into simpler substances
  4. Has a uniform composition throughout. HOMOGENOUS
  5. Are of two types. Elements and compounts
73
Q

Define an Element

A

An element is a pure substance made up of only one type of atom

74
Q

Define a Compound

A

a Compound is a pure substance made up of only one type of molecule

75
Q

is water a pure substance

A

yes

76
Q

Is water mixed with salt a pure substance

A

No

77
Q

So far how many elements are there on the Periodic Table

A

118

78
Q

How many elements of the Periodic table are found in Nature in the soil, rocks, air and water

A

92

79
Q

How many elements of the periodic table are artificially made

A

26

80
Q

On the basis of properties elements are classified into

A
  1. Metas
  2. Non Metals
  3. Metalloids
  4. Inert Gases/Noble Gases
81
Q

Most of the elements on the periodic table belong to which category

A

Metals

82
Q

Is calcium a Metal

A

Yes

83
Q

List the seven properties of Metals

A
  1. Metals are solids
  2. Metals have a shine. Lustre
  3. Metals have a high BP and MP
  4. Good conductors of heat and electricity
  5. Malleable
    6.Ductile
  6. Produce a specific sound when struck ( Sonorous)
84
Q

Name a metal in the liquid stae

A

Mercury

85
Q

name a metal that is not malleable but very brittle

A

Zinc

86
Q

Name a soft metal

A

Sodium Na

87
Q

Name a metal that is a bad conductor of heat and electricity

A

Tungsten

88
Q

Why are metals good conductors of electricity

A

Because metals have free electrons

89
Q

Most of the non metals are in which state

A

Soft solids and gases

90
Q

Name a Non metal in the liquid state

A

Bromine

91
Q

Give three examples of Soft Solids

A

Phosphorous P
Iodine I
Sulphur S

92
Q

Give examples of non metals in the Gas state

A
  1. oxygen
  2. Hydrogen
  3. Nitrogen
  4. Chlorine
93
Q

Non metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity. What are the exceptions

A

Graphite

94
Q

Non metals have a low boiling and Melting point. Name the exceptions

A

Graphite
Diamond

95
Q

Non metals have a dull surface. Give the exceptions

A

Iodine
carbon ( Graphite and diamond)

96
Q

Give example of carbon as a hard solid

A

Diamond

97
Q

Give examples of Carbon as soft solid

A
  1. Coal
  2. Charcoal
  3. graphite
98
Q

What is the difference between Coal and Charcoal

A
  1. Coal is a natural Mineral
  2. Charcoal is burnt wood
99
Q

Elements that are neither metals nor non metals are called

A

METALLOIDS

100
Q

Give examples of METALLOIDS

A
  1. Arsenic
  2. Polonium
  3. Antimony
  4. Tellurium
  5. Boron
  6. Silicon
  7. Germanium
101
Q

Give examples of Inert gases aka Noble gases

A
  1. Xenon
  2. Helium
  3. Krypton
  4. Neon
  5. Argon
  6. radon
102
Q

Why are the Noble gases called Inert gases

A

Because they do not react with other elements

103
Q

The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called

A

PERIODS

104
Q

The vertical columns on the periodic table are called

A

GROUPS

105
Q

The simplest element formed after the Big bang was

A

Hydrogen
This was followed by helium

106
Q

The universal element is

A

Hydrogen
helium

107
Q

The elements that make up the earths crust is

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. Silicon
  3. iron
  4. Aluminium
108
Q

The element abundant in the atmosphere is

A

Nitrogen

109
Q

The element abundant in the human body

A
  1. carbon
  2. oxygen
  3. Hydrogen
110
Q

Define a compound on the basis of Element

A

A compound is a pure substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in a definite proportion by mass

111
Q

can the components of a compound be separated by simple physical means

A

No

112
Q

When a compound is created is ENERGY absorbed or evolved

A

Yes

113
Q

When a MIXTURE is created is ENERGY absorbed or evolved

A

NO

114
Q

Can water be separated by Simple Physical Means

A

No

115
Q

Why cant water be separated by simple physical means

A

Because water is a compound

116
Q

How can water be separated

A

By a chemical process called ELECTROLYSIS

117
Q

What is ELECTROLYSIS

A

It is a chemical process where electric current is passed through a compound in liquid state to separate its CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS

118
Q

Describe Chlorine

A

Chlorine is a Greenish yellow poisonous Gas and highly reactive

119
Q

Does Sodium Na readily react with air and water

A

Yes

120
Q

How can we separate the substances in a mixture by simple physical means

A
  1. Filtration
  2. Evaporation
    3.Decantation
  3. Sedimentation
121
Q

What is ATOMICITY

A

The number of Atoms in the molecule of an element

122
Q

Name Diatomic molecules

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. Hydrogen
  3. Nitrogen.
  4. Chlorine
123
Q

Name triatomic molecules

A

Ozone. made of three atoms of oxygen

124
Q

What are polyatomic molecules

A

molecules made of more than three atoms

125
Q

Give examples of Polyatomic molecules

A

Phosphorous is P4
Sulphur is S8

126
Q

Name monoatomic molecules

A
  1. Sodium
  2. Potassium
    3.Calcium
127
Q

Plural of Formula

A

Formulae

128
Q

Pure Diamond is used as a

A

Gem

129
Q

Impure diamond is used to

A

Cut glass

130
Q

Name the metal used in heavy tools and machines

A

Iron

131
Q

Gas filled in electric bulbs

A

Neon
Argon

132
Q

Define a MIXTURE

A

When two or more pure substances are mixed together in any propotion that they do not undergo any chemical change and retain their individual property

133
Q

Mixtures are pure substances
True or false

A

False. Mixtures are impure substances

134
Q

Mixtures are of two types

A

1.Homogenous
2. Heterogenous

135
Q

Most of the mixtures occurring in nature are of what type

A

Heterogenous

136
Q

What is a HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE

A

When the constituents of the mixture are not evenly distributed throughout its volume and can be easily seen seperately

137
Q

What is a HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE

A

When the constituents of the mixture are evenly distributed throughout its volume and cannot be seen seperately

138
Q

Give Examples of Solid in Solid Heterogenous Mixture

A
  1. Sand and iron fillings
  2. sand and sugar
  3. Sand and salt
  4. Soil
    5.Sulphur and Iron Fillings
139
Q

Give four examples of Solid in Liquid Heterogenous Mixture

A
  1. Chalk in water
  2. Charcoal in water
    3.Sand in Water
  3. Pond water
140
Q

What are the constituents of Soil

A
  1. Sand
  2. Clay
  3. Minerals
141
Q

Give two examples of Liquid in Liquid Heterogenous Mixture

A
  1. Oil in water
  2. Petrol in water
142
Q

Give two examples of Heterogenous Mixtures Solid in Gas

A
  1. Smoke
  2. Dust
143
Q

Give an example of a Heterogenous mixture liquid in Gas

A

MIST ( water in air )

144
Q

Give an example of Solid in solid Homogenous Mixture

A

Alloy

145
Q

Five examples of Solid in Liquid Homogenous mixtures

A
  1. Salt in water
  2. Sugar in water
  3. Nitrite in water
  4. Iodine in alcohol
  5. Sulphur in carbon disulphide
146
Q

Give examples of Liquid in Liquid Homogenous Mixture

A
  1. Water in alcohol
  2. Water and vinegar
  3. Water and acetone
  4. Oil and carbon tetrachloride
147
Q

Give examples of gas in liquid Homogenous Mixture

A
  1. Carbon dioxide in water
  2. Ammonia in water
148
Q

Name this chemical and in what state does it occur

A

Carbon Tetrachloride in liquid state

149
Q

Water is lighter than oil
True or false

A

False. Oil is lighter than water

150
Q

Name four alloys

A
  1. Brass
  2. Bronze
  3. Steel
  4. Duralumin
151
Q

Brass is composed of

A

copper Cu and Zinc Zn

152
Q

The chemical symbol for tin is

A

Sn

153
Q

Bronze is made of

A

1.Copper Cu
2. Tin. Sn
3. Zinc. Zn

154
Q

Steel is an alloy made of

A
  1. Iron. Fe
  2. Carbon. C
155
Q

Duralumin is an alloy made of

A
  1. Aluminium Al
  2. Copper Cu
    with a little of manganese ( Mn ) and Magnesium (Mg)
156
Q

Where is the alloy Duralumin used

A

In Spacecraft
Spacecraft material should be light and strong. Aluminium is light but not very strong and this is strenghtened with manganese and magnesium

157
Q

The substance in which a solute is dissolved is

A

Solvent

158
Q

The substance which is added and dissolved in a solvent is

A

Solute

159
Q

What is a solution

A

The homogenous mixture of solute and solvent

160
Q

What is pure water

A

water with no impurities

161
Q

Where is pure water used

A
  1. Batteries
  2. Laboratories to make medicines
162
Q

Crude peteroleum oil can give us

A
  1. LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
  2. CNG Compressed Natural Gas
  3. Petrol
  4. Diesel
  5. Kerosens
163
Q

Carbon in its natural form is a

A

Black solid

164
Q

What is SEPERATION

A

The process by which constituents of a mixture are are seperated from one another to get a pure substance

165
Q

Name the six processes used to separate Solid -Solid Mixtures

A
  1. Magnetic Separation
  2. Hand picking
  3. Sieving
  4. Sublimation
  5. Solvent extraction
  6. Winnowing

Magnetic Hand sieves Sub Soil, Wins

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