CHEM MASTERS Flashcards
1
Q
Everything around us is made up of
A
Matter
2
Q
Air that we breathe is matter
True or false
A
true
3
Q
All the matter in the universe originated from the
A
Big bang
4
Q
How did the Big Bang create all matter
A
- During the Big bang large amounts of energy was released
- These bundles of energy formed tiny particles from which all matter was created
5
Q
Name some types of Energy
A
- Light energy
- heat energy
- Chemical energy
- Solar energy
- Electrical energy
- Magnetic energy
- Sound energy
6
Q
The word material is derived from the word
A
matter
7
Q
Define matter
A
Anything that occupies space and has mass
8
Q
Define Volume
A
The space occupied by matter
9
Q
Do atoms usually have an independent existence
A
NO
10
Q
Two or more atoms combine to form a
A
Molecule
11
Q
The Symbol O represents
A
The Oxygen atom
12
Q
This symbol represents
A
The Oxygen gas which is a molecule made of two atoms of oxygen
13
Q
Can atoms and molecules be seen with the naked eye or through a simple microscope
A
NO
14
Q
name the Indian Philosopher who proposed that matter is made of Atoms almost 2600 years ago
A
Kannada
15
Q
In the modern times who proposed that matter is made of Atoms
A
John dalton
16
Q
Define INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
A
Particles of matter are held together by a force of attraction called INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
17
Q
Particles of matter are always in a Random Motion
True or false
A
True
18
Q
The particles of motion that are in Random motion posses a kind of energy called
A
KINETIC ENERGY
19
Q
How can we increase the Kinetic energy of the particles
A
by heating it
20
Q
Particles of matter have spaces between them called
A
Intermolecular space
21
Q
Solids are of two types
A
- Hard solids
- Soft solids
22
Q
Solids have how many free surfaces
A
many
23
Q
Liquids have how many free surfaces
A
One
24
Q
Gases have how many free surfaces
A
None
25
List the properties of Solids
1. They have a definite volume
2. They are Rigid
3. They have a definite shape and theyb retain their shape
4. Incompressible
5. Any number of free surfaces
26
Gases exert equal pressure on all sides.
True or false
True
27
Define AIR
Air is a mixture of gases
28
Define FLUID
All substances that can flow is called a fluid
29
Give examples of fluids
Liquids and Gases
30
Do atoms of a solid move
No
They only vibrate about their mean position
31
What are the two factors that create the different states of matter
1. Intermolecular force of attraction
2. Intermolecular space
32
The Random motion of particles are of two types
1. Browinian Motion
2. Diffusion
33
Define Brownian Motion
The Zig Zag motion of a particle in a suspended medium is called Brownian motion
34
What is diffusion
The phenomenon of intermixing of particles of one type with another is called Diffusion
35
Name the fluid that diffuses very easily
Gases
36
Liquids diffuse slower than Gases.
True or false
True
37
What are Miscible Liquids
Liquids that micx with each other
38
Give an example of Miscible liquids
Water and alcohol
39
Liquids that dont mix with each other are called
Immiscible liquids
40
Give an example of Immiscible Liquid
Oil and water
41
What is the effect of Temperature on Diffusion
When temperature increases the rate of diffusion increases
42
Why dont solids diffuse under Normal conditions
Solids are very rigid
43
Give three examples of diffusion
1. Leakage of LPG gas
2. Red ink in water
3. Incense stick
44
What is INTERCONVERSION OF STATES OF MATTER
Matter can change from one state to another under certain conditions of Temperature and pressure without any change in its chemical properties
Please Take care
45
Give three examples of Pressure causing a change in State of matter
1. under normal conditions the LPG is a a gas but in the cylinder its liquid under high pressure.
2. oxygen is a gas but in the oxygen cylinder its liquid under pressure
3. The hardest rock under the earths crust melts under high temperature and pressure
46
What is Sublimation
The conversion of a solid substance to a gaseous state without undergoing a liquid stae on heating
47
Give examples of sublimation
1. Camphor
2. Naphthalene
3. Iodine
4. Dry ice
48
What is dry ice
Solid Carbon dioxide
49
Define MELTING POINT
The FIXED TEMPERATURE at which solid changes to a liquid at a given PRESSURE
50
The Melting point of ice is
Zero degree celsius
51
The Freezing point of water is
Zero degree celsius
52
Vaporisation is also known as
Evaporation
53
Define vaporisation
The process by which a substance changes from a liquid state to a vapour state
54
Can Evaporation occur at room temperature
Yes
55
Can Boiling occur at room temperature
No
56
What is boiling
The change of state from a liquid to a gaseous state by heating.
Boiling is the extreme form of vaporisation
57
Define Boiling Point
The fixed temperature at which a liquid starts changing to a gaseous state
58
Define Condensation
The process by which a gaseous state changes to a liquid state is called Condensation
59
Condensation is also known as
Liquefaction
60
Define Condensation Point
The definite temperature at which a gaseous state changes to a liquid state
61
the condensation point of Steam is
100 degree celsius
62
Freezing is aka
Solidification
63
Define Freezing
The process by which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid state
64
Define Freezing Point
The definite temperature at which liquid changes to a solid state
65
What is THERMAL EXPANSION
All the states of matter expand on heating. This is called Thermal Expansion
66
This thin glass tube with a small internal diameter is called
Capillary Tube
67
The Thermometer is constructed based on which scientific principle
Liquids expand on heating and contract on cooling
68
List the three most important effects of heat on Matter
1. Interconversion of states of matter
2. Thermal expansion
3. Chemical change
69
The permanent change in which a new substance is created from the substances takes is known as
Chemical change
70
Give an example of a Physical and chemical change
1. The candle wax burns..Physical change
2. The vapour produced when the wax burns reacts with air and produces Carbon dioxide and water..Chemical change
71
Chemically matter can be divide into
1. Elements
2. Compounds
3. Mixtures
72
List 6 properties of a pure substance
1. It has definite physical and chemical properties
2. It has a fixed melting and boiling point
3. It cannot be broken into simpler substances
4. Has a uniform composition throughout. HOMOGENOUS
5. Are of two types. Elements and compounts
73
Define an Element
An element is a pure substance made up of only one type of atom
74
Define a Compound
a Compound is a pure substance made up of only one type of molecule
75
is water a pure substance
yes
76
Is water mixed with salt a pure substance
No
77
So far how many elements are there on the Periodic Table
118
78
How many elements of the Periodic table are found in Nature in the soil, rocks, air and water
92
79
How many elements of the periodic table are artificially made
26
80
On the basis of properties elements are classified into
1. Metas
2. Non Metals
3. Metalloids
4. Inert Gases/Noble Gases
81
Most of the elements on the periodic table belong to which category
Metals
82
Is calcium a Metal
Yes
83
List the seven properties of Metals
1. Metals are solids
2. Metals have a shine. Lustre
3. Metals have a high BP and MP
4. Good conductors of heat and electricity
5. Malleable
6.Ductile
7. Produce a specific sound when struck ( Sonorous)
84
Name a metal in the liquid stae
Mercury
85
name a metal that is not malleable but very brittle
Zinc
86
Name a soft metal
Sodium Na
87
Name a metal that is a bad conductor of heat and electricity
Tungsten
88
Why are metals good conductors of electricity
Because metals have free electrons
89
Most of the non metals are in which state
Soft solids and gases
90
Name a Non metal in the liquid state
Bromine
91
Give three examples of Soft Solids
Phosphorous P
Iodine I
Sulphur S
92
Give examples of non metals in the Gas state
1. oxygen
2. Hydrogen
3. Nitrogen
4. Chlorine
93
Non metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity. What are the exceptions
Graphite
94
Non metals have a low boiling and Melting point. Name the exceptions
Graphite
Diamond
95
Non metals have a dull surface. Give the exceptions
Iodine
carbon ( Graphite and diamond)
96
Give example of carbon as a hard solid
Diamond
97
Give examples of Carbon as soft solid
1. Coal
2. Charcoal
3. graphite
98
What is the difference between Coal and Charcoal
1. Coal is a natural Mineral
2. Charcoal is burnt wood
99
Elements that are neither metals nor non metals are called
METALLOIDS
100
Give examples of METALLOIDS
1. Arsenic
2. Polonium
3. Antimony
4. Tellurium
5. Boron
6. Silicon
7. Germanium
101
Give examples of Inert gases aka Noble gases
1. Xenon
2. Helium
3. Krypton
4. Neon
5. Argon
6. radon
102
Why are the Noble gases called Inert gases
Because they do not react with other elements
103
The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called
PERIODS
104
The vertical columns on the periodic table are called
GROUPS
105
The simplest element formed after the Big bang was
Hydrogen
This was followed by helium
106
The universal element is
Hydrogen
helium
107
The elements that make up the earths crust is
1. Oxygen
2. Silicon
3. iron
4. Aluminium
108
The element abundant in the atmosphere is
Nitrogen
109
The element abundant in the human body
1. carbon
2. oxygen
3. Hydrogen
110
Define a compound on the basis of Element
A compound is a pure substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in a definite proportion by mass
111
can the components of a compound be separated by simple physical means
No
112
When a compound is created is ENERGY absorbed or evolved
Yes
113
When a MIXTURE is created is ENERGY absorbed or evolved
NO
114
Can water be separated by Simple Physical Means
No
115
Why cant water be separated by simple physical means
Because water is a compound
116
How can water be separated
By a chemical process called ELECTROLYSIS
117
What is ELECTROLYSIS
It is a chemical process where electric current is passed through a compound in liquid state to separate its CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS
118
Describe Chlorine
Chlorine is a Greenish yellow poisonous Gas and highly reactive
119
Does Sodium Na readily react with air and water
Yes
120
How can we separate the substances in a mixture by simple physical means
1. Filtration
2. Evaporation
3.Decantation
4. Sedimentation
121
What is ATOMICITY
The number of Atoms in the molecule of an element
122
Name Diatomic molecules
1. Oxygen
2. Hydrogen
3. Nitrogen.
4. Chlorine
123
Name triatomic molecules
Ozone. made of three atoms of oxygen
124
What are polyatomic molecules
molecules made of more than three atoms
125
Give examples of Polyatomic molecules
Phosphorous is P4
Sulphur is S8
126
Name monoatomic molecules
1. Sodium
2. Potassium
3.Calcium
127
Plural of Formula
Formulae
128
Pure Diamond is used as a
Gem
129
Impure diamond is used to
Cut glass
130
Name the metal used in heavy tools and machines
Iron
131
Gas filled in electric bulbs
Neon
Argon
132
Define a MIXTURE
When two or more pure substances are mixed together in any propotion that they do not undergo any chemical change and retain their individual property
133
Mixtures are pure substances
True or false
False. Mixtures are impure substances
134
Mixtures are of two types
1.Homogenous
2. Heterogenous
135
Most of the mixtures occurring in nature are of what type
Heterogenous
136
What is a HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE
When the constituents of the mixture are not evenly distributed throughout its volume and can be easily seen seperately
137
What is a HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE
When the constituents of the mixture are evenly distributed throughout its volume and cannot be seen seperately
138
Give Examples of Solid in Solid Heterogenous Mixture
1. Sand and iron fillings
2. sand and sugar
3. Sand and salt
4. Soil
5.Sulphur and Iron Fillings
139
Give four examples of Solid in Liquid Heterogenous Mixture
1. Chalk in water
2. Charcoal in water
3.Sand in Water
4. Pond water
140
What are the constituents of Soil
1. Sand
2. Clay
3. Minerals
141
Give two examples of Liquid in Liquid Heterogenous Mixture
1. Oil in water
2. Petrol in water
142
Give two examples of Heterogenous Mixtures Solid in Gas
1. Smoke
2. Dust
143
Give an example of a Heterogenous mixture liquid in Gas
MIST ( water in air )
144
Give an example of Solid in solid Homogenous Mixture
Alloy
145
Five examples of Solid in Liquid Homogenous mixtures
1. Salt in water
2. Sugar in water
3. Nitrite in water
4. Iodine in alcohol
5. Sulphur in carbon disulphide
146
Give examples of Liquid in Liquid Homogenous Mixture
1. Water in alcohol
2. Water and vinegar
3. Water and acetone
4. Oil and carbon tetrachloride
147
Give examples of gas in liquid Homogenous Mixture
1. Carbon dioxide in water
2. Ammonia in water
148
Name this chemical and in what state does it occur
Carbon Tetrachloride in liquid state
149
Water is lighter than oil
True or false
False. Oil is lighter than water
150
Name four alloys
1. Brass
2. Bronze
3. Steel
4. Duralumin
151
Brass is composed of
copper Cu and Zinc Zn
152
The chemical symbol for tin is
Sn
153
Bronze is made of
1.Copper Cu
2. Tin. Sn
3. Zinc. Zn
154
Steel is an alloy made of
1. Iron. Fe
2. Carbon. C
155
Duralumin is an alloy made of
1. Aluminium Al
2. Copper Cu
with a little of manganese ( Mn ) and Magnesium (Mg)
156
Where is the alloy Duralumin used
In Spacecraft
Spacecraft material should be light and strong. Aluminium is light but not very strong and this is strenghtened with manganese and magnesium
157
The substance in which a solute is dissolved is
Solvent
158
The substance which is added and dissolved in a solvent is
Solute
159
What is a solution
The homogenous mixture of solute and solvent
160
What is pure water
water with no impurities
161
Where is pure water used
1. Batteries
2. Laboratories to make medicines
162
Crude peteroleum oil can give us
1. LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
2. CNG Compressed Natural Gas
3. Petrol
4. Diesel
5. Kerosens
163
Carbon in its natural form is a
Black solid
164
What is SEPERATION
The process by which constituents of a mixture are are seperated from one another to get a pure substance
165
Name the six processes used to separate Solid -Solid Mixtures
1. Magnetic Separation
2. Hand picking
3. Sieving
4. Sublimation
5. Solvent extraction
6. Winnowing
Magnetic Hand sieves Sub Soil, Wins
