Tsar Nicholas II Abduction

Question 1

What factors led to his abduction?

Answer 1

Discontent with the government 
‘Subject nationalities’
His weeknesses
Economic problems
Industrial development 
Social problems 
First world war

Question 2

Why was there discontent with the government?

Answer 2

• russia was an autocracy with tsar in complete power and made all the decsions
• 70% of the population were members of the orthodox church, the church supported the tsars rule
• The only paarliament was the duma who had litle power
• little voice or freedom
• okhrana
• small count of ministers who made no descions

Question 3

What was the okhrana?

Answer 3

The tsar’s secret police, used to find anyone against the tsar. Enemies were sent to siberia

Question 4

What did the Tsarist rule consist of?

Answer 4

Autocracy, orthodoxy, nationality

Tsar was chosen by god

Question 5

What were subject nationalities?

Answer 5

Majority of russia population did not know russian . There were more than 20 ethnic groups known as subject nationalities
Policy of russification - make all population speak russian, wear russian clothes, follow russian customs
People did not like this

Question 6

What was the Tsars two main weeknesses?

Answer 6

• he was reluctant on becoming Tsar in the first place

- his only heir had haemophilia and died

Question 7

What economic problems did they face?

Answer 7

85% lived in the countryside but agriculture was poor

Old fasioned farming methods were used

Question 8

What effect did the indutrial development have?

Answer 8

There was very low industrilaisation with no roads, railway or good banking.
And tehre was a rapid growth in industry in WW1
Count sergei took control of modernising russia, but the rapid industrialisation led to poor living and owkring conditioms causing discontent

Question 9

What was the social layers

Answer 9

Royals
Nobles
Clergy
Army
Capitalist
Workers

Question 10

What were the social problems?

Answer 10

Aristocracy was only 1% of the populatiob but they owned 1/4 of all land.
Middle class - had lots of money conisted of baners anf actory owners
Town workers- growing rapidly due to industrialisation, had terrible working and living conditions, low wages, long hours
Peasants - made up majority of population, poor conditions and survived on staple food, lots of starvation and disease

Question 11

When did Nicholos become tsar

Answer 11

1896

Question 12

What was bloody sunday

Answer 12

Father Gospan led a peaceful march around Tsar’s winter palace in st Petersbrug, howver tsar was not their so the soldiers panicked and attaked, killing and wounding thousands of innnocent people

Question 13

What defeat sparked revolution in russia - lots of strike and mutiny?

Answer 13

Defeat of the japanese war in february 1905

Question 14

What was the october manifesto?

Answer 14

This was a promise of freedom of speech and end to censorship and the formation of the duma
But the tsar gave the duma little power so that he could dissolve it any time - contradicting his promise. People were not happy with this

Question 15

Who were the kulaks?

Answer 15

Upper class peasants

Question 16

Why did the tsar introduce kulaks?

Answer 16

To de-revolutionise the countryside. The poor peasants would have in fighting with the kulaks - therefore they wont turn on the tsar

Question 17

What was stolypins necktie?

Answer 17

Stolypin was the primeminister (1906-1911), 3000 executions took place during his times. And he set up the kulaks

Question 18

What was rasputins significance in the abduction of the tsar?

Answer 18

Nicholas and his wife would rely on rasputin - people did not like him as they thought the tsar gave him too much power and saw this as corruption and incompetence - also a rumour tsarina had an affair with him

Question 19

When was the 300 years of romanov rule (tercentenary)?

Answer 19

1913

Question 20

When was rasputin killed?

Answer 20

Decemeber 1916

Question 21

When was war declared on germany and Austria-Hungary and what were the effects of this (politically)

Answer 21

1914
Duma dissolved itself
All political parties gave their support since they hated germany, except for the bolsheviks, they were unpatriotic

Question 22

How did the war assist in the tsars abduction

Answer 22

Tsar became the comander in chief o fthe sovet union- he had no experiemce in war, and was personally associated with the defeat, and he left his wife in charge which people hated as she was german.

Question 23

What were the reasons for defeat for WW1 (1914-1916)

Answer 23

• tsars leadership, no military experience, blamed for defeat
• not enough supplies, short fo bullets, soldies had no winter clothes
• lack on infrastructure, poor roads, inaedquate railway
• poor communication, outdated telegraph, german intercepted russian calls
• outdated tactics, used sabres and lances
• poor leadership of generals and officers, lazy and incompetant, did not work as a team
• ended up with 1 million casualties, more discontent

Question 24

What were the economic effects of the war?

Answer 24

• inflation
• mpre peasants went to armed forces, so there was a food shortage
• industrial areas lacked workers - shortage of coal and iron, factories closed down
• consumer good were expensive
• lots of unemployment and poverty

Question 25

What were the political effect of the war?

Answer 25

• tsar had to work wth the duma for once
• alexandra left in charge, she refused to take advice from middle class members of duma. She was german, therfore hated. She only listned to rasputin.

Question 26

What were the 4 political groups against the tsar?

Answer 26

The social democratic party
The socialist revolutionaries
The octoberists
The constitual democratic party (cadets)

Question 27

The social democratic party beliefs

Answer 27

• they followd the teachings of Karl Marx

- believed that proletriat would have a revolution to remove the tsar

Question 28

What happpned to the social democratic party in 1903?

Answer 28

They split into the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks

Question 29

Menshevik beliefs

Answer 29

They wanted mass membership and slow change

They were orthodox marxists

Question 30

Bolshevik beliefs

Answer 30

They believed that a smalll party elite should organise the revolution
They were unorthodox marxists

Question 31

Who led the mensheviks?

Answer 31

Julius martov

Leon trotsky

Question 32

Who led the bolsheviks?

Answer 32

Vladmir lenin

Question 33

Socialist revolutionairies beliefs

Answer 33

They beleived in a revolution of the peasants. They wanted to share all land amongst the peasants so that it could all be farmed in small peasant communities.
Some wanted to use terror whilst others wanted to use constitual methods.

Question 34

Who was the leader of the SRs

Answer 34

Alexander Kerensky

Question 35

Octoberists beliefs

Answer 35

Set up after the october manifesto
They belived the tsar woud acrry out his manifesto prmosies of limited reform
Their main suppoort came from the middle classes

Question 36

Octoborists leader?

Answer 36

Alexander Guchkov

Question 37

The constitutional democratic part (cadets) beliefs

Answer 37

As russia developed a middle class, the demand grew for a demcratic style governemnt.
The cadets wanted a constitutional monarc and an elected parliament like britain

Question 38

Cadets leader

Answer 38

Paul milyukov