Trunk and spine muscles

Question 1

Sternocleidomastoid concentric actions

Answer 1

Atlantooccipital joint extension
Cervical spine flexion (sagittal plane)
Lateral flexion to the same side (frontal)
Rotation to contralateral side (transverse)

Question 2

What does the cervical spine anterior muscles consist of

Answer 2

A muscle (sternocleidomastoid) and 2 groups of muscles (prevertebral group, and scaleni group)

Question 3

What are the 4 abdominal muscles

Answer 3

Ex obliques
Int obliques
Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis

Question 4

O and I of the external obliques

Answer 4

O = 5th-12th ribs
I = anterior iliac crest, rectus sheath to linea alba

Question 5

Concentric actions of the external obliques

Answer 5

Lumbar spine flexion (both sides acting)
Lateral flexion (one side acting)
Rotation (opposite side)

Question 6

O and I of the internal obliques

Answer 6

O = lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest
I = internal surface of lower 3 ribs

Question 7

Concentric actions of the internal obliques

Answer 7

Lumbar spine flexion (both sides acting together)
Lateral flexion (one side acting)
Rotation to ipsilateral side

Question 8

Rectus abdominis O and I

Answer 8

O = pubic crest, pubic symphysis
I = cartilage of 5th, 6th and 7th ribs and xiphoid process of the sternum

Question 9

Concentric actions of rectus abdominis

Answer 9

Lumbar spine flexion

Question 10

Concentric actions of transverse abdominis

Answer 10

Tenses the abdominal wall

Question 11

Erector spinae spinalis group concentric actions

Answer 11

Lumbar spine extension and lateral flexion

Question 12

Erector spinae longissimus group concentric actions

Answer 12

Lumbar spine extension, lateral flexion and rotation to the ipsilateral side

Question 13

Erector spinae iliocostalis group concentric actions

Answer 13

Lumbar spine extension, lateral flexion and rotation to the ipsilateral side

Question 14

Erector spinae semispinalis group concentric actions

Answer 14

Lumbar spine extension

Question 15

Multifidus concentric actions

Answer 15

Stabilisation of the vertebral column

Question 16

Quadratus Lumborum concentric actions

Answer 16

Lumbar spine lateral flexion
One of the primary stabilisers of the lumbar spine

Question 17

What are the core muscles

Answer 17

Anterior - rectus abdominis, external obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominis
Posterior - multifidus, erector spinae
Lateral - quadratus lumborum

Question 18

Function of the core muscles

Answer 18

As a group, they function to stabilise the vertebral column and transfer force through the body. They provide a solid foundation for the primary movers of the extremities to produce force to move the extremities