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Anatomy I > Trunk > Flashcards

Trunk Flashcards

1
Q

Which structures make up the cavitas thoracis?

A
  • 12 vertebrae + IV discs
  • 12 pairs of ribs + sternum → angulus infrasternalis
  • 2 openings: apertura thoracis inferior/superior
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2
Q

Differentiate between the types of joints of the thoracic cage?

A
  • articulationes costovertebrales
    • articulationes capitum costarum
    • articulationes costotransversaria
  • articulationes sternocostales
  • articulationes interchondrales
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3
Q

What type of joint is articulatio capitis costae?

Articulationes capitum costarum exist for all ribs except..? (3)

What are the articular surfaces? (2)

And which ligaments are attached to it? (2)

A

Articulatio capitis costae

  • double chambered joint
  • 1, 11, 12
  • articular surfaces:
    • upper + lower costal facets of 2 adjacent vertebrae
  • ligaments:
    • lig. capitis costae interarticulare
    • lig. capitis costae radiatum
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4
Q

Which structures does the lig. capitis costae intraarticulare connect?

A

IV disc + crista capitis costae

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5
Q

Articulationes costotransversaria exist for all ribs except..? (2)

What are the articular surfaces? (2)

And which ligaments are attached to it? (2)

Which ligament is attached btw L1 and the 12th rib?

A

Articulationes costotransversaria

  • 11, 12
  • articular surfaces:
    • facies articularis tuberculi costae
    • fovea costalis proc. transversi
  • ligaments:
    • lig. costotransversarium inferior/superior
    • L1 - 12th rib: lig. lumbocostale
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6
Q

What type of joint are articulationes sternocostales and their articular surfaces? Differentiate. (2)

And which ligaments are attached to it? (2)

A

Articulationes sternocostales

  • type of joint + articular surfaces:
    • 2 - 5 + sternum: synovial joint
    • 1, 6, 7 + sternum: synchondrosis
  • ligaments:
    • lig. sternocostale interclaviculare
    • ligg. sternocostalia radiata
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7
Q

Which ribs do also have articulationes interchondrales?

A

6 - 9

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8
Q

Which muscles are able to cause movement of the thorax? (8)

A
  • mm. scaleni (anterior, medius, posterior, minimus)
  • mm. intercostales
    • mm. intercostales externi
    • mm. intercostales interni
    • mm. subcostales
    • m. transversus thoracis
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9
Q

1 - 3

A

1) mm. intercostales externi
2) mm. intercostales interni
3) mm. intercartilaginei

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10
Q

mm. intercostales externi (11 pairs)

A
  • ORIGIN:
    • lower margins of rib
  • INSERTION:
    • upper border of lower rib
  • ACTION:
    • inspiration
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11
Q

mm. intercostales interni (11 pairs)
AKA mm. intercartilaginei (btw cartilage)

A
  • ORIGIN:
    • angulus costae
  • INSERTION:
    • sulcus costae
  • ​ACTION:
    • expiration
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12
Q

In what way are mm. subcostales similar to mm. intercostales?

A

= mm. intercostales, but “skip” ribs → 2nd layer

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13
Q

m. transversus thoracis

A
  • ORIGIN
    • proc. xiphoideus
    • corpus stern
  • INSERTION
    • lower border 2-6 cartilago costalis
  • ACTION
    • ​expiration
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14
Q

All intercostal muscles are innervated by..?

A

nn. intercostales

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of movement of the thorax? Explain.

A

INSPIRATION:

  • widening of the thorax, increase of angulus infrasternalis
  • caused by:
    • movement of art. costovertebrales
    • elasticity of cartilage
    • increased kyphosis

EXPIRATION:

  • narrowing of the thorax, decrease of angulus infrasternalis
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16
Q

Which muscles are responsible for inspiration? (3)

A
  • mm. scaleni (calm breathing)
  • mm. intercostales externi
  • diaphragm
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17
Q

Which muscles are responsible for expiration? (3)

A
  • mm. intercostales interni
  • mm. subcostales
  • m. transversus thoracis
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18
Q

List the muscles of trigonum suboccipitale (4)

A
  • m. rectus capitis posterior major
  • m. rectus capitis posterior minor
  • m. obliquus capitis superior
  • m. obliquus capitis inferior
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19
Q

1 - 5

A

1) atlas
2) axis
3) processus transversi atlantis
4) m. obliquus capitis inferior
5) m. obliquus capitis superior

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20
Q

6 - 7

A

6) m. rectus capitis posterior major
7) m. rectus capitis posterior minor

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21
Q

m. rectus capitis posterior major

A
  • ORIGIN
    • tuberculum posterius atlantis
  • INSERTION
    • linea nuchae inferior
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22
Q

m. rectus capitis posterior minor

A
  • ORIGIN
    • processus spinosus axis
  • INSERTION
    • linea nuchae inferior
23
Q

m. obliquus capitis superior

A
  • ORIGIN
    • processus transversus atlantis
  • INSERTION
    • os occipitale
24
Q

m. obliquus capitis inferior

A
  • ORIGIN
    • processus spinosus axis
  • INSERTION
    • processus transversus atlantis
25
Q

Which movements can be caused by the muscles of the nape? (3)

A
  • lat. bending
  • backward bending
  • rotation
26
Q

Which muscles of trigonum suboccipitale cause lat. bending and how? (1)

A

unilat: m. obliquus capitis superior

27
Q

Which muscles of trigonum suboccipitale cause backward bending and how? (4)

A

bilat: all muscles

28
Q

Which muscles of trigonum suboccipitale cause rotation and how? (2)

A
  • unilat: m. rectus capitis major
  • unilat: m. obliquus capitis inferior
29
Q

ALL muscles of trigonum suboccipitale are innervated by…?

A

n. suboccipitalis

30
Q

m. trapezius

A

pars descendens

  • ORIGIN: linea nuchalis superior, protuberantia occipitalis externa, lig. nuchae
  • INSERTION: clavicula

pars transversa

  • ORIGIN: C7 - T3 proc. spinosi, ligg. supraspinalia
  • INSERTION: extremitas acromialis claviculae, acromion

pars ascendens

  • ORIGIN: T3 - T12 proc. spinosi, ligg. supraspinalia
  • INSERTION: trigonum spinae, spina scapulae
  • ACTION: stabilizes shoulder girldle, elevation, adduction
  • INNERVATION: n. accessorius
31
Q

m. latissimus dorsi

A
  • ORIGIN:
    • PARS VERTEBRALIS: proc. spinosi T7 - T12
    • PARS ILIACA: fascia thoracolumbalis, crista iliaca
    • PARS COSTALIS: 10 - 12th rib
    • PARS SCAPULARIS: angulus inferior scapulae
  • INSERTION: crista tuberculi minoris
  • ACTION: adduction, retroversion, med. rotation, depression
  • INNERVATION: n. thoracodorsalis
32
Q

mm. rhomboidei

A
  • ORIGIN:
    • M. RHOMBOIDEUS MINOR: proc. spinosi C6-7
    • M. RHOMBOIDEUS MAJOR: proc. spinos T1-4
  • INSERTION: margio medialis scapulae
  • ACTION: retraction
  • INNERVATION: n. dorsalis scapulae
33
Q

m. levator scapulae

A
  • ORIGIN: proc. transversi C1 - 4
  • INSERTION: angulus superior scapulae, margo medialis
  • ACTION: elevation
  • INNERVATION: n. dorsalis scapulae
34
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm?

A

inspiration

35
Q

The diaphragm is innervated by…?

A

nn. prenici

36
Q

1 - 5

A

1) centrum tendineum
2) pars sternalis
3) pars costalis
4) pars lumbalis
5) crus mediale dextrum

37
Q

6 - 10

A

6) crus mediale sinistrum
7) crus laterale
8) m. psoas major
9) m. quadratus lumborum
10) trigonum lumbocostale

38
Q

11 - 15

A

11) trigonum sternocostale
12) sternum
13) hiatus aorticus (~ T12)
14) aorta, accidently: L1-4
15) hiatus oesophageus (~ T10)

39
Q

16 - 17, 21 - 23

A

16) lig. arcuatum medianum
17) hiatus sling
21) foramen vena cavae
22) arcus lumbocostalis medialis
23) acrus lumbocostalis lateralis

40
Q

24 - 26

A

24) v. cava inferior (~ T8)
25) a. epigastrica inferiora, ductus thoracicus
26) v. azygos

41
Q

What are the 3 lateral abdominal muscles?

A
  • m. obliquus externus abdominis (most superficial)
  • m. obliquus internus abdominis
  • m. transversus abdominis (deepest)
42
Q

1 - 5

A

1) vagina m. recti abdominalis
2) m. rectus abdominis
3) m. obliquus externus abdominis
4) m. obliquus internus abdominis
5) m. transversus abdominis

43
Q

6 - 8

A

6) linea semilunaris
7) intersectiones tendineae
8) linea arcuata (transition of diff. structured vaginae)

44
Q

m. obliquus externus abdominis

A

→ ascending

  • ORIGIN: 5th - 12th rib (8)
  • INSERTION: aponeurosis → fuse: linea alba
  • ACTION: bilat: flexion, unilat: lat. flexion
  • INNERVATION: nn. intercostales
45
Q

m. obliquus internus abdominis

A

→ descending

  • ORIGIN: linea intermedia cristae iliacae, fascia thoracolumbalis, s. i. a. s.
  • INSERTION:
    • pars cranialis: lower borders rib 10 - 12
    • pars medialis: aponeurosis
    • pars caudalis: m. cremater/lig. teres uteri, pars lig. teretris m. obliqui inuterni
  • ACTION: bilat: flexion LS, unilat: lat. flexion
46
Q

m. transversus abdominis

A
  • ORIGIN: cartilage rib 7-12 (6), fascia thoracolumbalis, s. i. a. s., lig. inguinale
  • INSERTION: m. transversus thoracis
  • ACTION: rotation, flexion
  • INNERVATION: nn. intercostales
47
Q

All lat. abdominal muscles are innervated by..?

A

nn. intercostales

48
Q

What are the layers of abdominal muscles, the 2 fasciae resp.?

A
  1. skin
  2. tela subcutanea abdominis (= panniculus adiposus abdominis + stratum membranosum abdominis)
  3. fascia abdominis
  4. muscles
  5. fascia transversalis
  6. peritoneum
49
Q

1 - 6

A

1) m. obliquus externus abdominis
2) m. rectus abdominis
3) —-
4) linea alba
5) m. obliquus internus abdominis
6) m. transversus abdominis

50
Q

7 - 11

A

7) fascia transversalis
8) peritoneum
9) lig. teres hepatis
10) plica umbilicalis lateralis + v. + a. epigastrica inferiora
11) plica umbilicalis medialis + v. + a. umbilica

51
Q

12 - 14

A

12) plica umbilicalis mediana + urachus
13) ABOVE the umbilicus
14) BELOW the umbilicus

52
Q

m. rectus abdominis

A
  • ORIGIN: cartilago costalis 5-7 (3), proc. xiphoideus
  • INSERTION: crista pubica
  • ACTION: flexion
  • INNERVATION: nn. intercostales
53
Q

m. pyramidalis

A
  • ORIGIN: os pubis
  • INSERTION: linea alba
  • ACTION: tenses linea alba

Anatomy I (8 decks)

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