Joints: lower limb Flashcards
Other name and type of hip joint.
Articular facets?
And which ligaments are attached to it? (1, 4) Seperate btw those.
art. coxae
= ball & socket joint
articular facets:
- caput femoris
- facies lunata acetabuli
Which ligg. stabilize the hip joint?
Differentiate.
extracapsular:
- zona orbicularis
- lig. iliofemorale (strongest lig. in human body)
- lig. ischofemorale
- lig. pubofemorale
intracapsular:
- lig. capitis femoris
What is the special feature of the hip joint?
labrum acetabuli
→ increases surface for caput femoris
Sites of attachment of joint capsule of hip.
- labrum acetabuli
- os coxae
- caput femoris
- linea intertrochanterica
- crista intertrochanterica
What is the function of the hip joint?
- flexion / extension (transverse axis)
- adduction / abduction (saggital axis)
- medial / lateral rotation (vertical axis)
- circumduction
Which muscles cause flexion of the hip joint? (6)
- m. iliopsoas
- m. rectus femoris
- m. tensor fasciae latae
- m. sartorius
- m. pectineus
- m. adductor longus
Which muscles cause extension of the hip joint? (7)
- m. gluteus maximus
- ischiocrural mm. (m. semimembranosus, m. semitendinosus, m. biceps femoris caput longum)
- m. adductor magnus pars posterior
- m. gluteus medius pars posterior
- m. obturator externus
BUT: extension limited by strong lig. iliofemorale
Which muscles cause adduction of the hip joint? (10)
- adductors (m. adductor mag., long., brev., m. gracilis, m. pectineus)
- m. gluteus maximus pars caudalis
- m. iliopsoas
- m. semimembranosus
- m. obturator internus
- m. quadratus femoris
Which muscles cause abduction of the hip joint? (6)
- m. gluteus medius
- m. gluteus minimus
- m. tensor fasciae latae
- m. rectus femoris
- m. piriformis
- m. sartorius
Which muscles cause medial rotation of the hip joint? (5)
- m. gluteus med. pars ventralis
- m. gluteus min. pars ventralis
- m. tensor fasciae latae
- m. adductor magn. pars cranialis
- m. adductor long.
Which muscles cause lat. rotation of the hip joint? (12)
- glutes (m. gluteus max., med./min. pars dorsalis)
- m. obturator int./ext.
- m. piriformis
- m. quadratus femoris
- mm. gemelli (2)
- m. pectineus
- m. iliopsoas
- m. sartorius
Name and type of knee joint?
Articular facets.
art. genus
= trochoginglymus (hinge + rotation)
articular facets:
- condyli femores
- condyli tibiae
- (patella - femur)
Which ligg. stabilize the knee joint?
Differentiate.
extracapsular:
- lig. patellae
- retinaculum patellae lat./med.
- lig. collaterale tib./fib.
- lig. popliteum obliq./arc.
intracapsular
- lig. cruciatum ant./post.
- lig. meniscofemorale ant./post. → lat. meniscus
- lig. transversum genus
Sites of attachment of joint capsule of knee.
Which structures passes posteriorly through the capsule?
- sup.: condyli femoris
- inf.: facies articulares tibiae
- ant.: replaced by m. quadr. fem., pat., lig. pat.
- post.: encloses fossa intercondylaris
→ opens for m. popliteus posteriorly
3 features are characteristic for the knee joint. Which ones?
What is their common function?
- medial meniscus: C-shaped
- lateral meniscus: circular, smaller
- corpus adiposum infrapatellaris
→ shock absorption
What are the most important bursae of the knee joint? (6)
- blue: bursa suprapatellaris
- pink: bursa subcutanea prepatellaris
- dark green: bursa subcutanea infrapatellaris
- light green: bursa infrapatellaris profunda
- red: bursa anserina
- yellow: bursa musculi semimembranosi
What is the function of the hip joint?
- flexion / extension (transverse axis)
- lateral / medial rotation (vertical axis)
Which muscles cause flexion of the knee joint? (7)
- ischiocrural mm. (m. semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris)
- mm. inserting in pes anserinus (m. gracilis, sartorius)
- m. popliteus
- m. gastrocnemius
Which muscles cause extension of the knee joint?
- m. quadriceps femoris
- m. tensor fasciae latae
Which muscles cause med. rotation of the knee joint? (4)
- m. semimembranosus
- m. semitendinosus
- m. gracilis
- m. sartorius
Which muscles cause lat. rotation of the knee? (2)
- m. biceps femoris
- m. tensor fasciae latae
What type of joint is the articulatio tibiofibularis?
Articular facets.
amphiarthrosis (= almost immobile)
articular facets:
- caput fibulae
- fibular art. surface of condylus lateralis tibiae
What are 2 special features of art. tibiofibularis?
membrana interossea cruris: btw fibula & tibia
syndesmosis tibiofibularis: union at distal end
Which ligg. stabilize art. tibiofibularis?
lig. tibiofibulare ant./post.
Name and type of upper ankle joint
Articular facets.
art. talocruralis
= hinge joint
articular facets:
- malleolar mortise
- facies malleolaris medialis/lateralis of trochlea
Which ligg. stabilize the upper ankle joint?
What are the parts of those ligaments?
-
lig. collaterale laterale
- lig. talofibulare ant./post.
- lig. calcaneofibulare
-
lig. collaterale mediale (= lig. deltoideum)
- pars. tibionavicularis
- pars tibiocalcanea
- pars tibiotalaris ant./post.
Which structures form the malleolar mortise?
- malleolaris medialis
- malleolaris lateralis
What is the function of the upper ankle joint?
plantarflexion / dorsiflexion
(transverse axis)
Which muscles cause dorsiflexion of the upper ankle joint? (3)
- m. tibialis anterior
- m. extensor digitorum longus
- m. extensor hallucis longus
Tom Dick and Harry
Which muscles cause plantarflexion of the upper ankle joint? (6)
- m. triceps surae
- peroneal mm. (longus, brevis)
- m. flexor hallucis longus
- m. flexor digitorum longus
- m. tibialis posterior
sup., deep flexor + peroneal compartment
Which 2 joints make up the lower ankle joint?
- art. subtalaris
- art. talocalcaneonavicularis
What type of joint is the articulatio subtalaris?
Articular facets.
pivot joint
articular facets:
- talus
- calcaneus
Which ligg. stabilize art. subtalaris?
- lig. talocalcaneum med./lat.
- lig. talocalcaneum post.
-
lig. talocalcaneum interosseum
→ seperates both lower ankle joints
What type of joint is art. talocalcaneonavicularis?
Articular facets.
pivot joint
- pars talocalcanea: plane
- pars talonavicularis: ball & socket
articular facets:
- talus
- calcaneus
- lig. calcaneonaviculare plantare (= Spring lig.)
Which lig. stabilizes art. talocalcaneonavicularis?
lig. bifurcatum
What is the function of the upper ankle joint?
pronation / supination
(oblique axis)
Which muscles cause pronation of the lower ankle joint? (4)
- m. peronei (long./brevis/tert.)
- m. extensor digitorum longus
Which muscles cause supination of the lower ankle joint? (6)
- triceps surae
- m. tibialis ant./post
- m. flexor hallucis long.
- m. extensor hallucis long.
- m. flexor digitorum long.
basically everything except peroneal comp.
