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Anatomy I > Joints: lower limb > Flashcards

Joints: lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

Other name and type of hip joint.

Articular facets?

And which ligaments are attached to it? (1, 4) Seperate btw those.

A

art. coxae
= ball & socket joint

articular facets:

  • caput femoris
  • facies lunata acetabuli
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2
Q

Which ligg. stabilize the hip joint?

Differentiate.

A

extracapsular:

  • zona orbicularis
  • lig. iliofemorale (strongest lig. in human body)
  • lig. ischofemorale
  • lig. pubofemorale

intracapsular:

  • lig. capitis femoris
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3
Q

What is the special feature of the hip joint?

A

labrum acetabuli

→ increases surface for caput femoris

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4
Q

Sites of attachment of joint capsule of hip.

A
  • labrum acetabuli
  • os coxae
  • caput femoris
  • linea intertrochanterica
  • crista intertrochanterica
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5
Q

What is the function of the hip joint?

A
  • flexion / extension (transverse axis)
  • adduction / abduction (saggital axis)
  • medial / lateral rotation (vertical axis)
  • circumduction
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6
Q

Which muscles cause flexion of the hip joint? (6)

A
  • m. iliopsoas
  • m. rectus femoris
  • m. tensor fasciae latae
  • m. sartorius
  • m. pectineus
  • m. adductor longus
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7
Q

Which muscles cause extension of the hip joint? (7)

A
  • m. gluteus maximus
  • ischiocrural mm. (m. semimembranosus, m. semitendinosus, m. biceps femoris caput longum)
  • m. adductor magnus pars posterior
  • m. gluteus medius pars posterior
  • m. obturator externus

BUT: extension limited by strong lig. iliofemorale

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8
Q

Which muscles cause adduction of the hip joint? (10)

A
  • adductors (m. adductor mag., long., brev., m. gracilis, m. pectineus)
  • m. gluteus maximus pars caudalis
  • m. iliopsoas
  • m. semimembranosus
  • m. obturator internus
  • m. quadratus femoris
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9
Q

Which muscles cause abduction of the hip joint? (6)

A
  • m. gluteus medius
  • m. gluteus minimus
  • m. tensor fasciae latae
  • m. rectus femoris
  • m. piriformis
  • m. sartorius
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10
Q

Which muscles cause medial rotation of the hip joint? (5)

A
  • m. gluteus med. pars ventralis
  • m. gluteus min. pars ventralis
  • m. tensor fasciae latae
  • m. adductor magn. pars cranialis
  • ​m. adductor long.
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11
Q

Which muscles cause lat. rotation of the hip joint? (12)

A
  • glutes (m. gluteus max., med./min. pars dorsalis)
  • m. obturator int./ext.
  • m. piriformis
  • m. quadratus femoris
  • mm. gemelli (2)
  • m. pectineus
  • m. iliopsoas
  • m. sartorius
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12
Q

Name and type of knee joint?

Articular facets.

A

art. genus
= trochoginglymus (hinge + rotation)

articular facets:

  • condyli femores
  • condyli tibiae
  • (patella - femur)
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13
Q

Which ligg. stabilize the knee joint?

Differentiate.

A

extracapsular:

  • lig. patellae
  • retinaculum patellae lat./med.
  • lig. collaterale tib./fib.
  • lig. popliteum obliq./arc.

intracapsular

  • lig. cruciatum ant./post.
  • lig. meniscofemorale ant./post. → lat. meniscus
  • lig. transversum genus
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14
Q

Sites of attachment of joint capsule of knee.

Which structures passes posteriorly through the capsule?

A
  • sup.: condyli femoris
  • inf.: facies articulares tibiae
  • ant.: replaced by m. quadr. fem., pat., lig. pat.
  • post.: encloses fossa intercondylaris

→ opens for m. popliteus posteriorly

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15
Q

3 features are characteristic for the knee joint. Which ones?

What is their common function?

A
  • medial meniscus: C-shaped
  • lateral meniscus: circular, smaller
  • corpus adiposum infrapatellaris

→ shock absorption

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16
Q

What are the most important bursae of the knee joint? (6)

A
  • blue: bursa suprapatellaris
  • pink: bursa subcutanea prepatellaris
  • dark green: bursa subcutanea infrapatellaris
  • light green: bursa infrapatellaris profunda
  • red: bursa anserina
  • yellow: bursa musculi semimembranosi
17
Q

What is the function of the hip joint?

A
  • flexion / extension (transverse axis)
  • lateral / medial rotation (vertical axis)
18
Q

Which muscles cause flexion of the knee joint? (7)

A
  • ischiocrural mm. (m. semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris)
  • mm. inserting in pes anserinus (m. gracilis, sartorius)
  • m. popliteus
  • ​m. gastrocnemius
19
Q

Which muscles cause extension of the knee joint?

A
  • m. quadriceps femoris
  • m. tensor fasciae latae
20
Q

Which muscles cause med. rotation of the knee joint? (4)

A
  • m. semimembranosus
  • m. semitendinosus
  • m. gracilis
  • m. sartorius
21
Q

Which muscles cause lat. rotation of the knee? (2)

A
  • m. biceps femoris
  • m. tensor fasciae latae
22
Q

What type of joint is the articulatio tibiofibularis?

Articular facets.

A

amphiarthrosis (= almost immobile)

articular facets:

  • caput fibulae
  • fibular art. surface of condylus lateralis tibiae
23
Q

What are 2 special features of art. tibiofibularis?

A

membrana interossea cruris: btw fibula & tibia

syndesmosis tibiofibularis: union at distal end

24
Q

Which ligg. stabilize art. tibiofibularis?

A

lig. tibiofibulare ant./post.

25
Q

Name and type of upper ankle joint

Articular facets.

A

art. talocruralis
= hinge joint

articular facets:

  • malleolar mortise
  • facies malleolaris medialis/lateralis of trochlea
26
Q

Which ligg. stabilize the upper ankle joint?

What are the parts of those ligaments?

A
  • lig. collaterale laterale
    • lig. talofibulare ant./post.
    • lig. calcaneofibulare
  • lig. collaterale mediale (= lig. deltoideum)
    • pars. tibionavicularis
    • pars tibiocalcanea
    • pars tibiotalaris ant./post.
27
Q

Which structures form the malleolar mortise?

A
  • malleolaris medialis
  • malleolaris lateralis
28
Q

What is the function of the upper ankle joint?

A

plantarflexion / dorsiflexion

(transverse axis)

29
Q

Which muscles cause dorsiflexion of the upper ankle joint? (3)

A
  • m. tibialis anterior
  • m. extensor digitorum longus
  • ​m. extensor hallucis longus

​Tom Dick and Harry

30
Q

Which muscles cause plantarflexion of the upper ankle joint? (6)

A
  • m. triceps surae
  • peroneal mm. (longus, brevis)
  • m. flexor hallucis longus
  • m. flexor digitorum longus
  • m. tibialis posterior

​sup., deep flexor + peroneal compartment

31
Q

Which 2 joints make up the lower ankle joint?

A
  • art. subtalaris
  • art. talocalcaneonavicularis
32
Q

What type of joint is the articulatio subtalaris?

Articular facets.

A

pivot joint

articular facets:

  • talus
  • calcaneus
33
Q

Which ligg. stabilize art. subtalaris?

A
  • lig. talocalcaneum med./lat.
  • lig. talocalcaneum post.
  • lig. talocalcaneum interosseum
    → seperates both lower ankle joints
34
Q

What type of joint is art. talocalcaneonavicularis?

Articular facets.

A

pivot joint

  • pars talocalcanea: plane
  • pars talonavicularis: ball & socket

articular facets:

  • talus
  • calcaneus
  • lig. calcaneonaviculare plantare (= Spring lig.)
35
Q

Which lig. stabilizes art. talocalcaneonavicularis?

A

lig. bifurcatum

36
Q

What is the function of the upper ankle joint?

A

pronation / supination

(oblique axis)

37
Q

Which muscles cause pronation of the lower ankle joint? (4)

A
  • m. peronei (long./brevis/tert.)
  • m. extensor digitorum longus
38
Q

Which muscles cause supination of the lower ankle joint? (6)

A
  • triceps surae
  • m. tibialis ant./post
  • m. flexor hallucis long.
  • m. extensor hallucis long.
  • m. flexor digitorum long.

basically everything except peroneal comp.

Anatomy I (8 decks)

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