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Anatomy I > Joints: upper limb > Flashcards

Joints: upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 joints of the should girdle?

A
  • articulatio sternoclavicularis
  • articulatio acromioclavicularis
  • articulatio glenohumerale
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2
Q

What type of joint is the articulatio sternoclavicularis?

What are the articular facets? (2)

And which ligaments are attached to it? (4)

A

Articulatio sternoclavicularis

  • ball & socket joint
  • articular facets:
    • extremitas sternalis claviculae
    • manubrium sternii
  • ligaments:
    • ligg. sternoclavicularis ant. + post.
    • ligg. interclaviculares
    • lig. costoclaviculare
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3
Q

What is the special feature of the articulatio sternoclavicularis?

A

articular disk

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4
Q

What type of joint is the articulatio acromioclavicularis?

What are the articular facets? (2)

And which ligaments are attached to it? (3)

A

Articulatio acromioclavicularis

  • limited ball & socket joint
  • articular facets:
    • extremitas sternalis claviculae
    • acromion scapulae
  • ligaments:
    • lig. acromioclaviculare
    • lig. coracoclaviculare
      • lig. conoideum
      • lig. trapezoideum
    • lig. coracoacromiale
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5
Q

What is the special feature of the articulatio acromioclavicularis?

A

incomplete articular disk

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6
Q

How do the axes of movement run and what are the possible movements of the shoulder girdle? (2)

A
  • retraction / protraction (vertical axis)
  • elevation / depression (saggital axis)
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7
Q

Which muscles act upon the shoulder girdle during protraction? (4)

A
  • m. serratus anterior
  • m. pectoralis major
  • m. pectoralis minor
  • m. trapezius pars descendens.
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8
Q

Which muscles act upon the shoulder girdle during retraction? (5)

A
  • m. trapezius pars transversa
  • mm. rhomboidei (2)
  • m. latissimus dorsi
  • m. sternocleidomastoideus pars clav.
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9
Q

Which muscles act upon the shoulder girdle during elevation? (5)

A
  • m. levator scapulae
  • m. trapezius pars descendens,
  • mm. rhomboidei (2)
  • m.sternocleidomastoideus pars clavicularis
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10
Q

Which muscles act upon the shoulder girdle during depression? (6)

A
  • m trapezius pars ascendens
  • m. pectoralis minor
  • m. pectoralis major pars abdominalis
  • m. serratus anterior pars inferior
  • m. latissimus dorsi
  • m. subclavius.
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11
Q

What type of joint is the articulatio glenohumerale?

What are the articular facets? (2)

And which ligaments are attached to it? (4)

A

Articulatio glenohumerale

  • ​ball & socket
  • articular facets:
    • caput humeri
    • cavitas glenoidalis
  • ligaments:
    • lig. coracohumerale
    • lig. glenohumerale
    • lig. humerale transversum
    • lig. coracoacromiale
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12
Q

How do the axes of movement run and what are the possible movements of the articulatio glenohumerale? (4)

A
  • anteversion / retroversion (transverse axis)
  • abduction / adduction (saggital axis)
  • lateral / medial rotation (vertical axis)
  • circumduction
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13
Q

Which muscles act upon the shoulder joint during adduction? (9)

A
  • m. pectoralis major
  • m. teres major
  • m. latissimus dorsi
  • m. triceps brachii caput longum
  • m. biceps brachii caput breve
  • m. infraspinatus
  • m. teres minor
  • m. subscapularis
  • m. coracabrachialis
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14
Q

Which muscles act upon the shoulder joint during abduction? Differentiate. (3, 2)

A
  • 90°
  • m. deltoideus pars acromialis
  • m. supraspinatus
  • m. biceps brachii caput longum

160 - 180°

  • m. serratus anterior
  • m. trapezius pars descendens
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15
Q

Which muscles act upon the shoulder joint during anteversion? (4)

A
  • m. deltoideus pars clavicularis
  • m. biceps brachii
  • m. pectoralis major pars clavicularis
  • m. coracobrachialis
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16
Q

Which muscles act upon the shoulder joint during retroversion? (3)

A
  • m. deltoideus pars posterior
  • m. teres major
  • m. latissimus dorsi
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17
Q

Which muscles act upon the shoulder joint during lateral rotation? (3)

A
  • m. infraspinatus
  • m. teres minor
  • m. deltoideus pars posterior
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18
Q

Which muscles act upon the shoulder joint during medial rotation? (6)

A
  • m. subscapularis
  • m. pectoralis major
  • m. biceps brachii
  • m. teres major
  • m. latissimus dorsi
  • m. deltoideus pars clavicularis
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19
Q

What are the 2 bursae of the articulatio glenohumerale and where are they located?

A

bursa subscapularis

btw m. subscapularis, collum scapulae

bursa subacromialis

btw acromion, lig. coracoacromiale, m. deltoideus

20
Q

Where does the joint capsule of the articulatio glenohumerale attach?

Where are its 2 apertures?

What else does it contain and what for?

A
  • attachments of the capsule
    • collum scapulae, collum chirurgicum humeri
  • apertures
    • for caput longum bicipitis brachii
    • anterior opening that communicates with bursa subscapularis
  • recessus axillaris → allow elevation without stretching the joint capsule
21
Q

The articulatio cubiti is a compound joint made up by..?

A
  • articulatio humeroulnaris
  • articulatio humeroradialis
22
Q

What type of joint is the articulatio cubiti?

What are the articular facets? (2, 2)

And which ligaments are attached to it? (3)

A

Articulatio cubiti

  • hinge joint

articulatio humeroradialis = ball & socket, but restricted

  • articular facets:
    • articulatio humeroradialis
      • capitulum
      • fovea articularis capitis radii
    • articulatio humeroulnaris
      • trochlea humeri
      • incisure trochlearis ulnae
  • ligaments:
    • lig. collaterale radiale
    • lig. collaterale ulnare
    • lig. anulare radii
23
Q

How do the axes of movement run and what are the possible movements of the articulatio cubiti? (1)

A
  • flexion / extension (transverse axis)
24
Q

Which muscles act upon the elbow joint during flexion? (8)

A
  • m. biceps brachii
  • m. brachialis
  • m. brachioradialis
  • m. pronator teres
  • m. flexor carpi radialis
  • m. palmaris longus
  • m. extensor carpi radialis longus
  • m. extensor carpi radialis brevis
25
Q

Which muscles act upon the elbow joint during extension? (1) Why CAN a second muscle be mentioned?

A
  • m. triceps brachii
  • (m. anconeus → prevents elbow capsule being pinched in fossa olecrani)
26
Q

Which other joints can be referred to as joints of the forearm?

A
  • articulatio radioulnaris proximalis
  • articulatio radioulnaris distalis
27
Q

What type of joint are the 2 further forearm joints? (1)

What are the articular facets? (2, 2)

And which ligaments are attached to it? (1, 2)

A

Articulatio radioulnaris proximalis

  • pivot joint
  • articular facets:
    • incisura radialis ulnae
    • circumferentia articularis capitis radii
  • ligaments:
    • lig. anulare radii

Articulatio radioulnaris proximalis

  • pivot joint
  • articular facets:
    • caput ulnae
    • incisura ulnaris radii
  • ligaments:
    • lig. radioulnare anterior
    • lig. radioulnare posterior
28
Q

How do the axes of movement run and what are the possible movements of the 2 forearm joints? (1)

A
  • supination / pronation (center caput radii → processus styloideus ulnae)
29
Q

What are the 2 special features of the 2 forearm joints?

A
  • recessus sacciforme (continuation of joint capsule) → no damage to membrane during rotation of caput radii
  • discus articularis (lig. triangulare) binds ulna and carpus at distal end
30
Q

Which muscles act upon the 2 forearm joints during pronation? (3)

A
  • m. pronator teres,
  • m. pronator quadratus
  • ​m. flexor carpi radialis
31
Q

Which muscles act upon the 2 forearm joints during supination? (4)

A
  • m. biceps brachii
  • m. supinator
  • m. abductor pollicis longus
  • ​m. extensor pollicis longus
32
Q

What type of joint are the articulationes metacarpophalangeales (MP)?

What are the articular facets? (2)

And which ligaments are attached to it? (1)

A

Articulationes metacarpophalangeae (MP)

  • ball & socket
  • articular facets:
    • caput ossis metacarpalis
    • basis phalangis proximalis
  • ligaments:
    • ligg. collateralia
33
Q

How do the axes of movement run and what are the possible movements of the MP joints? (2)

A
  • flexion / extension ( transverse axis)
  • adduction / abduction (vertical axis) → in relation to middle finger
34
Q

Which muscles act upon the MP joints during flexion? (4)

A
  • m. flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus
  • mm. lumbricales
  • m. flexor digiti minimi
35
Q

Which muscles act upon the MP joints during extension? (4)

A
  • m. extensor digitorum
  • m. extensor indicis
  • m. extensor digiti minimi
36
Q

Which muscles act upon the MP joints during abduction? (2)

A
  • mm. interossei dorsales
  • m. abductor digiti minimi
37
Q

Which muscles act upon the MP joints during adduction? (3)

A
  • mm. interossei palmares
  • m. extensor indicis
  • m. extensor digiti minimi
38
Q

What type of joint are the articulationes interphalanges (IP)?

What are the articular facets? (2)

And which ligaments are attached to it? (1)

A

Articulationes interphalangeae (IP)

  • hinge
  • articular facets:
    • caput phalangis
    • basis phalangis
  • ligaments:
    • ligg. collateralia
39
Q

How do the axes of movement run and what are the possible movements of the IP joints? (1)

A
  • flexion / extension (transverse axis)
40
Q

Which muscles act upon the IP joints during flexion?

Differentiate btw proximal IP (2) and distal IP (1).

A

proximal IP

  • m. digitorum superficialis/profundus

distal IP

  • m. digitorum profundus
41
Q

Which muscles act upon the IP joints during extension?

A
  • m. extensor digitorum
  • m. extensor indicis
  • m. extensor digiti minimi
  • mm. lumbricales
42
Q

What type of joint is the wrist joint (= articulatio radiocarpalis)?

What are the articular surfaces? (3)

And which ligaments are attached to it? (4)

A

​Articulatio radiocarpalis

  • ellipsoid/condyloid
  • articular surfaces:
    • facies articularis carpalis radii + discus articularis
    • osses carpalia (EXCEPT pisiforme)
  • ligaments:
    • lig. radiocarpale palmare/dorsale
    • lig. collaterale ulnare/radiale
43
Q

How do the axes of movement run and what are the possible movements of articulatio radiocarpalis? (2)

A
  • palmarflexion / dorsiflexion (transverse axis)
  • ulnar / radial abduction (deviation) (palmar axis)
44
Q

Which muscles act upon articulatio radiocarpalis during palmarflexion? (6)

A
  • m. flexor digitorum superficialis
  • m. flexor digitorum profundus
  • m. flexor carpi ulnaris
  • m. flexor carpi radialis
  • m. flexor pollicis longus
  • m. abductor pollicis longus
45
Q

Which muscles act upon articulatio radiocarpalis during dorsiflexion? (6)

A
  • m. extensor digitorum
  • m. extensor carpi ulnaris
  • m. extensor carpi radialis longus
  • m. extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • m. extensor indicis
  • m. extensor pollicis longus
46
Q

Which muscles act upon articulatio radiocarpalis during ulnar abduction? (2)

A
  • m. extensor carpi ulnaris
  • m. flexor carpi ulnaris
47
Q

Which muscles act upon articulatio radiocarpalis during radial abduction? (6)

A
  • m. extensor carpi radialis longus
  • m. extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • m. abductor pollicis longus
  • m. extensor pollicis longus
  • m. extensor indicis
  • m. flexor carpi radialis

Anatomy I (8 decks)

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