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Anatomy I > Joints: TMJ, head, vertebral column > Flashcards

Joints: TMJ, head, vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the articulatio temporomandibularis?

What are the articular facets? (3)

And which ligaments are attached to it? (3) Where do they start, where do they end?

A

Articulatio temporomandibularis

  • trochoginglymus (hinge + rotation)
  • articular facets:
    • caput mandibulae
    • fossa mandibularis
    • tuberculum articulare
  • ligaments:
    • lig. stylomandibulare: proc. styloideus → angulus mandibulae
    • lig. sphenomandibulare: spina ossis sph. → lingula mandibulae
    • lig. laterale (= temporomandibulare): arcus zyg. → proc. condylaris
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2
Q

Where does the discus articularis start and end?

What does it seperate?

What does it consist of?

A

discus articularis

  • fossa mandibularis → caput infratemporale m. pterygeoidei
  • seperates:
    • membrana synovialis superior ar. temp.
    • membrana synovialis inferior ar. temp.
  • consist of:
    • anterior: fibrocartilage
    • posterior: bilaminar (up: loose fibroel. tiss., low: taut fibrous tiss.)
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3
Q

What are the possible movements of the temporomandibular joint? (3)

A
  • protrusion / retrusion
  • elevation / depression
  • grinding
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4
Q

Which muscles act upon the temporomandibular joint during elevation? (3)

A
  • m. temporalis
  • m. masseter
  • m. pterygoideus medialis
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5
Q

Which muscles act upon the temporomandibular joint during depression? (3)

A
  • m. pterygoideus lateralis
  • m. infra-/suprahyoideus
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6
Q

Which muscles act upon the temporomandibular joint during protrusion? (1)

A
  • m. pterygoideus lateralis
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7
Q

Which muscles act upon the temporomandibular joint during retrusion? (1)

A
  • m. temporalis
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8
Q

Which muscles act upon the temporomandibular joint during grinding? (2)

A
  • m. temporalis (same side)
  • m. pterygoideus (opposite side)
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9
Q

Explain the numbers

A
  1. os temporale
  2. fossa mandibularis
  3. discus articularis
  4. articulatio discotemporalis
  5. capsula articularis
  6. articulatio discomandibularis
  7. caput mandibulae
  8. tuberculum articulare
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10
Q

What are the 2 joints of the head?

A
  • articulatio atlantooccipitalis (upper head joint)
  • articulatio atlantoaxialis (lower head joint)
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11
Q

What type of joint is the articulatio atlantooccipitalis?

What are the articular facets? (2)

What type of joint is the articulatio atlantoaxialis?

What are the articular facets? (4)

So what is the “overall type” of joint?

Which ligaments are involved in forming these joints? (9)

A

Articulatio atlantooccipitalis

  • ellipsoid
  • articular facets:
    • facies articulares superiores atlantis
    • condyli occipitales

Articulatio atlantoaxialis

  • 1) plane, 2) pivot
  • articular facets:
    • 1) facies articulares inferiores atlantis
    • 1) processus articulares superiores axis
    • 2) facies articularis anterior dentis
    • 2) fovea dentis

Overall:

  • rotary
  • ligaments:
    • lig. cruciforme atlantis =
      • lig. transversum atlantis
      • fasciculi longitudinales (2)
    • lig. apicis dentis
    • ligg. alaria (2)
    • membrana tectoria
    • membrana atlantooccipitalis anterior/posterior
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12
Q

Where does the lig. transversum atlantis start and end?

A

connects 2 massa laterales atlantis

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13
Q

Where do the fasciculi longitudinales start and end?

A

foramen magnum → corpus C2

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14
Q

Where does the lig. apicis dentis start and end?

A

apex dentis → foramen magnum

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15
Q

Where do the ligg. alaria start and end?

A

dens axis → foramen magnum (lateral)

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16
Q

Where does the membrana tectoria start and end?

A

clivus → corpus C2

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17
Q

Where do the membrana atlantaoccipitalis anterior/posterior start and end?

A

arcus anterior/posterior atlantis → foramen magnum

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18
Q

How do the axes of movement run and what are the possible movements of the articulatio atlantoaxialis? (1)

A
  • rotation (-26°) (vertical axis)
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19
Q

Which muscles act upon the articulatio atlantoaxialis during rotation? (6)

A
  • m. longissimus capitis
  • m. splenius capitis
  • m. sternocleidomastoideus (contralat.)
  • m. rectus capitis posterior major
  • m. obliquus capitis inferior
  • m. trapezius (contralat.)
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20
Q

How do the axes of movement run and what are the possible movements of the articulatio atlantooccipitalis? (2)

A
  • dorsalflexion / ventralflexion (transverse axis)
  • lateralflexion
21
Q

Which muscles act upon the articulatio atlantooccipitalis during ventralflexion? (3)

A
  • m. rectus capitis anterior (bilat.)
  • supra- and infrahyoid muscles (bilat.)
  • m. sternocleidomastoideus (bilat., if the flexion is in process)
22
Q

Which muscles act upon the articulatio atlantooccipitalis during dorsalflexion? (8)

A
  • m. semispinalis capitis (bilat.)
  • m. longissimus capitis (bilat.)
  • m. splenius capitis (bilat.)
  • m. sternocleidomastoideus (bilat.)
  • m. rectus capitis posterior major (bilat.)
  • m. rectus capitis posterior minor (bilat.)
  • m. obliquus capitis superior (bilat.)
  • m. trapezius.
23
Q

Which muscles act upon the articulatio atlantooccipitalis during lateralflexion? (4)

A
  • m. sternocleidomastoideus
  • m. splenius capitis
  • m. longissimus capitis
  • m. rectus capitis lateralis
24
Q

Explain the structure of the vertebral column refering to the number of vertebrae in each section

A
  • 7 = cervical
  • 12 = thoracic
  • 5 = lumbar
  • fused 5 = sacrum
  • fused 4 = coccyx

⇒ 24 (33) vertebrae in total

25
Q

What are the “special” vertebrae among these of the cervical section?

List unique features of cervical vertebrae. (4)

A

“special” vertebrae:

  • C1 = atlas
  • C2 = axis
  • C6 = has tuberculum caroticum
  • C7 = vertebra prominens

features:

  • formina transversa
  • tuberculum anterius/posterius
  • sulcus nervi spinalis
26
Q

List unique features of thoracic vertebra (1)

A
  • fovea costalis
27
Q

List unique features of lumbar vertebra (3)

A
  • transverse process composed of
    • processus costales
    • porcessus accessorii
    • processus mammilares
28
Q

Describe the curvature of the vertebral column

A
  • cervical: lordosis
  • thoracic: kyphosis
  • lumbar: lordosis
  • sacra: kyphosis
29
Q

Describe the structure of intervertebral (IV) discs.

How are they composed and what is their function?

How are they connected? (2)

A
  • thicker towards caudal direction
  • composed of:
    • anulus fibrosus: fibrocartilage, prone to herniation
    • nucleus pulposus: gelatinous soft fibrocartilage, cannot regenerate (derives from notochord)
  • shock absorption
  • connected to each other by lig. longitudinale anterius/posterius
30
Q

Describe the different kinds of ligaments supporting the vertebral column (8)

A
  • lig. longitudinale anterius/posterius
  • ligg. flava
  • lig. nuchae
  • ligg. intertransversaria
  • lig. interspinalia
  • lig. supraspinale
  • perivertebral bands
31
Q

What does the lig. longitudinale anterius connect?

A

posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies + intervertebral discs

32
Q

What does the lig. longitudinale posterius connect? Describe its 2 layers

A

posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies + intervertebral discs

  • superficial layer: membrana tectoria → L3/4
  • deep layer: lig. cruciforme → canalis sacralis
33
Q

What do the ligg. flava (yellow ligaments) connect?

A

laminae of adjacent vertebrae

34
Q

What do the ligg. interspinalia connect?

What do they derive from?

A

processus spinosi

derive from lig. nuchae

35
Q

What does the lig. supraspinale connect?

What does it derive from?

A

tips of processus spinosi

derives from lig. nuchae

36
Q

What does the lig. nuchae connect?

What does it become when it reaches C7?

A

protuberantia occipitalis → processus spinosi

becomes ligg. interspinalia, lig. supraspinale

37
Q

What do the ligg. intertransversaria connect?

A

processus transversi

38
Q

What do the perivertebral bands connect?

A

runs parallel to lig. longitudinale anterius → join adjacent IV discs together

39
Q

What are the 5 different types of joint of the vertebral column?

A
  • articulationes zygapophysiales
  • articulationes corpora vertebrarum
  • articulationes uncovertebralia (Luschka)
  • articulatio lumbosacralis
  • articulatio sacrococcygea
40
Q

What type of joint are the articulationes zygapophysiales?

What are their articular surfaces? (1)

Special feature? (1)

A

Articulationes zygapophysiales

  • plane
  • articular surfaces:
    • proc. articulares
  • special feature
    • plicae synoviales: increase ability to withstand pressure
41
Q

What type of joint are the articulationes corpora vertebrarum?

Which structures make them up?

A

Articulationes corpora vertebrarum

  • symphysis
  • vertebrae, IV discs
42
Q

Which structures make up articulationes uncovertebralia?

A

proc. uncinati of C3-C6

43
Q

Which structures make up the articulatio lumbosacralis?

It is protected by which lig.?

A

L5 + sacrum

lig. iliolumbale

44
Q

Which structures make up the articulatio sacrococcygea?

It is strengthened by which ligg.? (4)

A

sacrum + coccyx

lig. sacrococcygeum laterale, anterius, superficiale, profundum posterius

45
Q

What are the possible movements of the spine? (3)

Which vertebrae are involved in which movement?

A
  • ventralflexion / dorsalflexion: mainly C + L
  • lateralflexion: mainly T + C (upper head joint)
  • rotation: mainly C + T (lower head joint)
46
Q

Which muscles act upon the spine during dorsalflexion? (1)

A
  • m. erector spinae
47
Q

Which muscles act upon the spine during ventralflexion? (4)

A
  • m. rectus abdominis (bilat.)
  • m. obliquus externus abdominis (bilat.)
  • m. obliquus internus abdominis (bilat.)
  • m. psoas major (bilat., at fixed lower limb)
48
Q

Which muscles act upon the spine during lateralflexion? (5)

A
  • m. erector spinae
  • m. quadratus lumborum
  • m. rectus abdominis
  • m. obliquus externus abdominis
  • m. obliquus internus abdominis
49
Q

Which muscles act upon the spine during rotation? (3)

A
  • m. erector spinae (transversospinal and spinotransversal muscles)
  • unilat: m. obliquus externus abdominis
  • contralat: m. obliquus internus abdominis

Anatomy I (8 decks)

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