Lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

1 - 5

A

1) m. piriformis
2) foramen suprapiriforme
3) lig. sacrospinale
4) lig. sacrotuberale
5) canalis obturatorius

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2
Q

6 - 9

A

6) membrana obturatoria
7) foramen ischiadicum minus
8) spina iliaca
9) foramen infrapiriforme

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3
Q

What does canalis obturatorius contain? (3)

A
  • a. + v. obturatoria
  • n. obturaturatorius (branch of plexus lumbalis)
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4
Q

What are the contents of foramen infrapiriforme? (7)

It is part of… ?

A
  • a. + v. + n. glutealis inferior
  • a. + v. pudenda interna
  • n. pudendus
  • n. sciaticus

…foramen ischiadicum majus

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5
Q

What are the contents of foramen suprapiriforme? (3)

It is part of…?

A
  • a. + v. + n. glutealis superior

…foramen ischiadicum majus

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6
Q

What are the contents of foramen ischiadicum minus? (3)

A
  • a. + v. pudenda interna
  • n. pudendus
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7
Q

Hip muscles can be grouped into groups which are…?

A
  • dorsal hip musles (7)
  • ventral hip muscles (5)
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8
Q

What are the 7 muscles of the dorsal hip?

A
  • m. iliopsoas
  • m. psoas minor
  • m. gluteus maximus/minimus/medius
  • m. tensor fasciae latae
  • m. piriformis
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9
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the ventral hip?

A
  • m. obturator internus/externus
  • m. gemmelus superior/inferior
  • m. quadratus femoris
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10
Q

1 - 5

A

1) m. vastus lateralis
2) m. vastus intermedius
3) m. rectus femoris
4) m. vastus medialis
5) m. sartorius

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11
Q

6 - 10

A

6) m. adductor longus
7) m. adductor medius
8) m. gracilis
9) m. semimembranosus
10) m. semitendinosus

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12
Q

11 - 15

A

11) m. biceps femoris
12) n. sciaticus
13) v. saphena magna
14) canalis adductorius
15) a. femoralis

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13
Q

16 - 20

A

16) v. femoralis
17) n. saphenus
18) extensor compartment
19) adductor compartment
20) flexor compartment

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14
Q

By which nerve are all the extensors innervated?

A

n. femoralis

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15
Q

1 - 5

A

1) m. semimembranosus + m. semitendinosus
2) m. biceps femoris
3) m. gastrocnemius
4) m. popliteus
5) n. sciaticus

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16
Q

6 - 8

A

6) a. poplitea
7) v. poplitea
8) n. peroneus profundus

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17
Q

What is the base of the fossa poplitea? (3)

A
  • facies poplitea femoris
  • m. popliteus
  • poster part of the knee joint capsule
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18
Q

What pierces the fascia politea?

A

v. saphena parva

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19
Q

1 - 5

A

1) m. iliopsoas
2) n. cutaneus femoris lateralis
3) n. femoralis
4) n. genitofemoralis ramus femoralis
5) a. femoralis

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20
Q

6 - 10

A

6) v. femoralis
7) Rosenmüller’s lymph node
8) lig. lacunare (Gimbernati’s)
9) lig. inguinale (Poupart’s)
10) spina iliaca anterior superior

21
Q

11 - 14

A

11) symphysis pubica
12) lacuna musculonervosa
13) lacuna vasorum
14) lacuna lymphatica

22
Q

1 - 5

A

1) spina iliaca anterior superior
2) lig. inguinale
3) n. femoralis
4) a. femoralis
5) v. femoralis

23
Q

6 - 10

A

6) hiatus subinguinalis
7) symphysis pubica
8) anulus saphenus (in fasciae latae)
9) m. adductor longus
10) v. saphena magna

24
Q

11 - 15

A

11) n. saphenus (branch of n. femoralis)
12) m. sartorius
13) fossa iliopectinea (iliopsoas medial, iliacus lateral)
14) canalis adductorius
15) hiatus adductorius (→ fossa poplitea)

25
Q

16 - 17

A

16) a. poplitea
17) v. poplitea

26
Q

What are the borders of the hiatus adductorius? (2)

A
  • laterally: femur
  • medially + superiorly: m. adductor magnus
27
Q

What are the boundaries of canalis adductorius (= Hunter’s canal)? (5)

A
  • anteriorly: membrana vastoadductoria, m. sartorius
  • laterally: m. vastus medialis
  • medially: m. adductor longus/magnus
28
Q

m. ilopsoas

A
  • ORIGIN
    • M. PSOAS MAJOR: T12, L1-4, disci intervertebrales, proc. costales L1-5
    • M. ILIACUS: fossa iliaca, s. i. a. i.
  • INSERTION: trochanter major
  • ACTION: anteflexion, flexion, lat. rotation
  • INNERVATION: plexus lumbalis
29
Q

m. psoas minor (present in less than 50%)

A
  • ORIGIN: T12, L1
  • INSERTION: fascia iliaca
  • ACTION: supports m. iliopsoas
  • INNERVATION: plexus lumbalis
30
Q

m. tensor fasciae latae

A
  • ORIGIN: s. i. a. s.
  • INSERTION: tractus iliotibialis
  • ACTION: flexion, med. rotation, abduction
  • INNERVATION: n. glutaeus sup.
31
Q

m. piriformis

A
  • ORIGIN: facies pelvina ossis sacri, foramina sacralia anteriora, incisura ischiadica major
  • INSERTION: trochanter major
  • ACTION: lat. rotation, abduction, retroversion
  • INNERVATION: plexus sacralis
32
Q

m. gluteus maximus

A
  • ORIGIN
    • PARS SUPERFICIALIS: crista iliaca, s. i. p. s., fascia, thoracolumbalis, os sacrum, os coccyx
    • PARS PROFUNDUS: ala ossis ilii, lig. sacrotuberale
  • INSERTION
    • PARS PROXIMALIS: tractus iliotibialis
    • PARS DISTALIS: tuberositas glutea
  • ACTION: extension, lat. rotation, adduction
  • INNERVATION: n. gluteus inferior
33
Q

m. gluteus medius

A
  • ORIGIN: facies glutea alae ossis ilii
  • INSERTION: trochanter major
  • ACTION: med. rotation, flexion, lat. rotation, extension, abduction
  • INNERVATION: n. gluteus sup.
34
Q

m. gluteus minimus

A

like m. gluteus medius

  • ORIGIN: facies glutea alae ossis ilii
  • INSERTION: trochanter major
  • ACTION: med. rotation, flexion, lat. rotation, extension, abduction
  • INNERVATION: n. gluteus superior
35
Q

The dorsal muscles of the back are innervated by..? (4)

A
  • plexus sacralis
    • m. piriformis
  • plexus lumbalis
    • m. iliopsoas
    • m. psoas minor
  • n. gluteus inferior
    • m. gluteus maximus
  • n. gluteus superior
    • m. gluteus minimus
    • m. gluteus medius
36
Q

m. obturator internus

A
  • ORIGIN: os coxae, membrana obturatoria
  • INSERTION: fossa trochanterica
  • ACTION: lat. rotation, abduction (sitting)
  • INNERVATION: plexus sacralis
37
Q

m. obturator externus

A
  • ORIGIN: membrana obturatoria
  • INSERTION: fossa trochanterica
  • ACTION: lat. rotation, abduction
  • INNERVATION: n. obturatorius
38
Q

mm. gemelli (2)

A
  • ORIGIN:
    • superior: spina ischiadica
    • inferior: tuber ischiadicum
  • INSERTION: fossa trochanterica
  • ACTION: support m. obturator internus
  • INNERVATION: n. gluteus inferior, plexus sacralis
39
Q

m. quadratus femoris

A
  • ORIGIN: tuber ischiadicum
  • INSERTION: crista intertrochanterica
  • ACTION: lat. rotation, abduction
  • INNERVATION: n. gluteus inferior, plexus sacralis
40
Q

Triceps coxae is made up by…? (3)

A
  • mm. gemelli
  • m. obturator internus
41
Q

1 - 5

A

1) m. extensor digitorum longus
2) m. extensor hallucis longus
3) m. tibialis anterior
4) m. tibialis posterior
5) m. flexor digitorum longus

42
Q

6 - 10

A

6) m. soleus
7) tendo m. plantaris
8) m. gastrocnemius
9) m. flexor hallucis longus
10) m. peroneus brevis

43
Q

11 - 15

A

11) m. peroneus longus
12) n. fibularis profundus
13) a. tibialis anterior
14) v. tibialis anterior
15) n. tibialis

44
Q

16 - 20

A

16) a. + v. tibialis posterior
17) n. saphenus
18) v. saphena magna
19) v. saphena parva
20) n. fibularis superficialis

45
Q

21 - 23

A

21) extensor compartment
22) flexor compartment
23) peroneal compartment

46
Q

What are the borders of canalis femoralis? (4)

A
  • anteriorly: fascia lata
  • medially: m. pectineus
  • posteriorly: m. pectineus, m. adductor magnus
  • laterally: v. femoralis
47
Q

What are the contents of canalis femoralis? (2)

A
  • Rosenmüller’s lymphnode
  • lymph vessels
48
Q

What are the inlet and outlet of canalis femoralis?

A
  • inlet: anulus femoralis
  • outlet: saphenus hiatus
49
Q

What is the clinical significance of the canalis femoralis? (2)

A
  • common site of hernia
  • v. femoralis can expand laterally if you have increased venous return