Trigger - approach to neuro patient Flashcards
releases hormones assocaited with endocrine and sexual system
hypothalamus
also controls hunger and body temp
control hunger and body temp
hypothalamus
releases sex and endocrine hormone system
controls sleep/wake arousal
midbrains
controls vomiting, heartbeat and breathing
medulla oblongata
where is CSF created
choroid plexus (inner lining of ventricles)
what controls sensory and motor nerve fibers
somatic nervous system
sensory = infor from peripheral to CNS
motor = impulses for moevement from brain to skeletal muscles
presents with weakness/paralysis and decreased reflexes and muscle tone
lower motor neuron lesion
weakness with increased muscle tone and reflex
upper motor neuron lesion (stroke w contralateral findings)
muscle mass wasting
lower motor neuron lesion
+ babinski sign
upper motor neuron lesion
requires constant stimulation to stay awake
obtunded
Alert
Lethargy (awakens to verbal or light physical stim)
Obtundation (constant stimulation to stay awake)
Stupor (vigorous, painful, constant stimulation, does not follow commands.)
Coma (no response)
pontine hemorrhage would have what affect
pinpoint pupils
opioids also present like this
SE of anticholinergic drugs as well as severe anoxia-ischemia
dialted pupils
ALWAYS an abnormal finding
awakens to verbal or light physical stimulation
lethargy
Alert
Lethargy (awakens to verbal or light physical stim)
Obtundation (constant stimulation to stay awake)
Stupor (vigorous, painful, constant stimulation, does not follow commands.)
Coma (no response)
alternating dilation and contraction of pupil
associated with early signs of brain herniation or seizure activity
hippus phenomenon
tests for sensory and cerebellar ataxia
romberg test
unilateral pronator drift suggests what
UMN lesion affecting the arm
pt has full ROM against gravity and some resistance
grade 4
5 - active ROM, full strength against resistance
4 - active ROM against gravity and some resistance
3 - active ROM against gravity only
2 - weak contraction insufficient to overcome gravity
1 - minimal movement/muscle contraction
0 - no movement/muscle contraction
moves freely but then muscle catches and locks
spasticity (hypertonia)
suggestive of upper motor lesion
Spasticity: moves freely but then the muscle catches and locks.
Rigidity: resistance throughout
Clonus: Jerking movement
jerking movement
clonus
suggestive of UMN
Spasticity: moves freely but then the muscle catches and locks.
Rigidity: resistance throughout
Clonus: Jerking movement
underlying etiology of hypotonia
LMN lesions
cerebellar disorders
synapses in anterior horn cell
reflex sensory fiberes
romberg wherr swaying that stops when eyes are open
sensory ataxia
cerebellar ataxia = swaying persisting even when eyes are open
increased DTR
UMN lesion of brain/spinal cord
decreased = LMN lesion
aphasia
inability to write, understand or express speech
inability to repeat statements which worsen w longer duration
conduction aphasia
Myotonia congenita
Torticollis
Dystonias
hypertrophic conditions
resistance that becomes LESS prominant when you distract the patient
paratonia
Difficulty articulating sounds or words.
difficulty articulating sounds/words
Changes in quality, volume, or pitch of voice
dysphonia
