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Head (anatomy) > Trigeminal Nerve > Flashcards

Trigeminal Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest cranial nerve

A

Trigeminal nerve CN V

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2
Q

That is the nerve of the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

Timrigeminal

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3
Q

What are the 3 roots of the trigeminal nerve

A

Sensory (major)
Motor (minor)
Mesencephalic

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4
Q

Fibres of CN V arise from what ganglion

A

Semilunar ganglion or gasserian ganglion

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5
Q

Characteristics of semilunar ganglion

A

Develops from the neural crest
Consists of unipolar neurons
Crescent in shape
Located in the Meckel’s cavity (superior to the petrous part of the temporal bone)

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6
Q

Characteristics of motor root of the trigeminal nerve

A

Located in the pons
Medial to the gasserian ganglion
Passes through the foramen ovale
Joins the mandibular nerve
Supplies the muscles of mastication

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7
Q

Is trigeminal nerve a mixed nerve

A

Yea, it is.
I has small motor root and large sensory root

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8
Q

TMJ receives proprioception from

A

Periodontium
Teeth
Hard palate
TMJ

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9
Q

Fibres of sensory root of CN V arises from what

A

Gasserian’s ganglion

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10
Q

About the mesencephalic root

A

It’s the afferent station
The afferent fibres accompany fibres of motor root
Proprioception from TMJ, periodontal membrane, teeth, hard palate
Associated with afferent impulses from stretch receptors in muscles of mastication.

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of nucleus of CN V?

A

Motor nuclei
Sensory nuclei

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of sensory nuclei

A

Main (chief/principal) pontine nucleus ( located in the pons)
Mesencephalic nucleus (located in the midbrain)
Spinal nucleus

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13
Q

What are the 3 subdivisions of the spinal nucleus, there origins and extensions

A

Subnucleus Oralis: Originate in the pons and end at pontomedullary junction inferiorly
Subnucleus interpolaris: origjnates from the pontomedullary junction to the obex (medullospinal junction)
Subnucleus causalis: originates from the obex to the C3 level of spinal cord

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14
Q

Characteristics of the motor nucleus of the CN V

A

-Located at the midpontine level
-Medial to the main sensory nucleus
-fibres distribute to muscles of mastication (tempotalis, Massey we, medial and lateral pterygoid), myoihyliud, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini.

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15
Q

Why is the location of the upper main nucleus

A

Midpons

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16
Q

What trigeminothalamic tract does the upper (main nucleus form)

A

Dorsal trigeminothalamic tract

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17
Q

What nucleus does ascending fibres of sensory root of trigeminal nerve terminate in

A

Upper (main) sensory nucleus

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18
Q

Where nucleus does desceding fibres of sensory root of trigeminal nerve terminate in

A

Motor nucleus

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19
Q

What impulses do upper (main) nucleus convey

A

Light touch, tactile discrimination, sense of position and passive movement

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20
Q

What is the true sensory ganglion of the CN V?

A

Mesencephalic nucleus

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21
Q

Mesencephalic nucleus can also convey impulse from what muscles

A

Extraocular muscles

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22
Q

What is the larger sensory trigeminal nucleus

A

Spinal nucleus

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23
Q

Origin and extent of spinal nucleus

A

Extends caudally from main nucleus to C3 level of spinal cord

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24
Q

What part of the trigeminothalamic tract does the spinal nucleus form

A

Ventral part

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25
Q

What impulse does the spinal nucleus convey

A

Pain and temperature

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26
Q

What impulse par oralis and interpolaris of the spinal nucleus convey

A

Tactile sense

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27
Q

What impulse does the pars caudaulis of the spinal nucleus convey

A

Pain and Temperature

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28
Q

What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve

A

Ophthalmic V1
Maxillary V2
Mandibular V3

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29
Q

Principal nucleus is the nucleus of what division of trigeminal nerve

A

Ophthalmic division

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30
Q

Spinal nucleus is the nucleus of what division of trigeminal nerve

A

Maxillary (Spimax)

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31
Q

Mesencephalic nucleus is the nucleus of what division of trigeminal nerve

A

Mandibular

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32
Q

Trigeminal motor nucleus accompanies what nerve

A

Mandibular nerve (and motor branch passes the foramen ovale along with mandibular nerve, that’s why mandibular nerve has both sensory and motor innervation)

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33
Q

What nerve forms the smallest division of CN V

A

Ophthalmic nerve

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34
Q

What is the course of the V1

A

From anterior medial part of the semilunar ganglion, it passes through the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

35
Q

Areas the CN V1 innervates

A

Scalp, lacrimal gland, conjunctiva of eye, upper eyelid lining frontal sinus, skin of lateral angle of the eyeball, liming of ethmoidal cell

36
Q

What does the principal sensory nucleus give rise to

A

Gasserian ganglion (in which the V1, V2 and V3 branches arise from) (refer to the picture on your phone)

37
Q

Branches of the ophthalmic nerve

A

-Lacrimal
-Frontal
-Nasociliary

38
Q

Branches of frontal nerve of V1

A

Supratrochlear
Supraorbital

39
Q

What is the smallest beach of ophthalmic nerve

A

Lacrimal nerve

40
Q

Course of lacrimal nerve

A

Enters the orbit through the narrowest part of the superior orbital fissure, then runs along the upper part of lateral Rectus muscle.
It communicates with the zygomatic branch of maxillary nerve.
It enters the lacrimal gland and gives off several filaments.
Finally m, pierces the orbital septum and end up supplying the skin of the upper eyelid.

41
Q

What is the largest branch of the ophthalmic nerve

A

Frontal nerve

42
Q

Course of the frontal nerve

A

Enters the orbit thorough the superior orbital fissure.
Runs forward between the levatotor palpebrae superioris and periosteum.
Divides into 2 branches midway between the apex and the base of the orbit.

43
Q

What are the 2 branches of the frontal nerve

A

Supratrochlear
Supraorbital

44
Q

Which is the smaller branch of the frontal nerve

A

Supraorbital nerve (it gives filaments that joins the infratrochlear nerve)

45
Q

Areas the supraorbital nerve supply

A

Fikun over lower forehead
Skin over upper eyelid
Conjunctiva of eyes

46
Q

Where does supratrochlear nerve pass through

A

Supraorbital foramen

47
Q

Branches of the supratrochlear nerve

A

Medial and lateral branches

48
Q

Areas the supratrochlear nerve supply

A

Conjunctiva
Skin over the upper eyelid
Twigs of pericranium

49
Q

Course of the nasociliary nerve

A

Enters the orbit between the 2 heads of the Rectus lateralis and passes through the anterior ethmoidal foramen

50
Q

Branches of the nasociliary nerve

A

Ethmoidal
Internal nasal (supplies the mucous membrane)
External nasal branch (supplies the skin and ala of the nose)
Long ciliary branches

51
Q

Areas maxillary nerve supply (totally sensory)

A

From lower eyelids, side of the nose, upper lip, all maxillary teeth and gingival, mucous membrane of most nasal cavity, hard and soft palate, tonsillar region and region of pharynx

52
Q

Branches of the nasociliary nerve

A

— Superior Alveolar nerves (anterior, middles and posterior)
— inferior orbital nerve
— Palatine nerves (greater and lesser palatine nerves)
— Zygomatic nerve (Zygomaticofascial nerve and Zygomaticotemporal nerve).
— Pharyngeal branches
— Nasopalatine nerve
— Superior laboal nerve
— Superior and inferior nasal nerves

53
Q

About the zygomaticotemporal nerve

A

— It exits the zygomatic bone on it’s medial surface
— It then pierces the temporal fascia to supply the skin over the temple
— It receives branches from the lacrimal nerve
— It communicates with the facial and auriculotemporal nerve

54
Q

About zygomaticofacial nerve

A

— Leaves the zygomatic bone through the lateral surface.
— Supplies the skin over malar prominence
Communicates with the facial nerve and inferior palpebral branch of maxillary nerve

55
Q

Posterior superior alveolar nerves

A

Arise from the pterygopalatine fossa, leaves this fossa and enters the posterior alveolar canals.

56
Q

Areas the posterior superior alveolar nerve supplies

A

Sinus lining
Three twigs to molars
Gingiva
Adjoining part cheek

57
Q

Origin of middle superior alveolar nerves

A

Arise from maxillary nerve in the posterior part of the Infraorbital canal and runs in the Infraorbital groove on the lateral wall max sinus

58
Q

Areas that the middle superior alveolar nerves supply

A

Gingiva
Premolars
Adjoining part cheek

59
Q

The middle, anterior and posterior alveolar branches of the maxillary nerve forms what

A

Superior dental plexus

60
Q

Anterior superior alveolar nerves is given off just before exiting the Infraorbital foramen, true or false

A

True

61
Q

Areas that the anterior superior alveolar nerves supply

A

Canine and incisor teeth check the slides for more information (page 35)

62
Q

anterior superior alveolar nerves does NOT communicate with the sphenopalatine ganglion, TRUE OR FALSE

A

False

63
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the hard palate

A

Greater palatine and Nasopalatine nerves (these nerves pass through the pterygopalatine ganglion)

64
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the uvula, tonsil and soft palate

A

Lesser (middles and posterior) palatine nerves

65
Q

Areas the motor division of mandibular nerve CN V3 supply

A

-Muscles of mastication (temporalis, massetter, medial and lateral pterygoid muscles)
-Mylohyoid
-Anterior belly of digastric
-Tensor tympani
-Tensor Levi palatini

66
Q

Areas the sensory division of mandibular nerve CN V3 supply

A
  • Dura
  • Skin
  • Mucous membrane of chin, cheek and lower lip
  • External ear region
  • Parotid gland
  • Lower teeth and Gingiva
  • Anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • Scalp over the temporal bone
  • TMJ
67
Q

What are the 2 branches of mandibular nerve

A

✨Branches from undivided nerve
- nervous spinosus
- nerve to the internal pterygoid
✨ Branches from divided nerve
- anterior
- posterior divisions

68
Q

Anterior divisions of mandibular nerve

A
  1. External pterygoid
  2. Masseter nerve
  3. Nerves to the Temporal muscle (anterior deep and posterior deep temporal nerve)
  4. Baccal nerve
69
Q

Posterior divisions of mandibular nerve

A
  1. Auriculotemporal muscle
  2. Lingual nerve
  3. Inferior alveolar nerve
70
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

A ganglia is a cluster of cell bodies of neurons in the peripheral nervous system

71
Q

Ciliary ganglion is suspended from what nerve

A

Nasociliary nerve

72
Q

The ganglion of CN III is called what

A

Ciliary ganglion

73
Q

The ganglion of CN V is called what

A

Semilunar or gasserian ganglion

74
Q

The ganglion of CN IX is called what

A

Otic and submandilar ganglion

75
Q

The ganglion of CN VII is called what

A

Prerygopalatine or sphenopalatine ganglion

76
Q

The ganglion of CN X is called what

A

It’s called a wandering ganglion cos it doesn’t have a specific name (check your note)

77
Q

The ciliary ganglion belongs to what nerve
Anatomically
Functionally

A

Anatomically - trigeminal nerve
Functionally - occulomotor nerve

78
Q

Ciliary ganglion Carries parasympathetic motor fibre from what nucleus

A

Edinger- westphal nucleus

79
Q

Otic ganglion is suspended from what nerve

A

Mandibular nerve V3

80
Q

The otic ganglion belongs to what nerve
Anatomically
Functionally

A

Trigeminal nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve

Check slide for the nerve distribution

81
Q

Submandibular ganglion is suspended from what nerve

A

Lingual ganglion

82
Q

The submandibular ganglion belongs to what nerve
Anatomically
Functionally

A

Trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve

(Check slide for the nerve distribution)

83
Q

Pterygopalatine ganglion is suspended from what nerve

A

Maxillary nerve

84
Q

The pterygopalatine ganglion belongs to what nerve
Anatomically
Functionally

A

Trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve

Check slide for nerve distribution

Head (anatomy) (19 decks)

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