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Head (anatomy) > Triangles Of The Neck > Flashcards

Triangles Of The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Borders of the quadrilateral outline of the neck

A

Superior: body of mandible and imaginary line drawn from the angle of mandible to mastoid process
Inferior: upper border of clavicle
Anterior: anterior midline of the neck
Posterior: anterior border of the trapezius muscle

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2
Q

What divides the quadrilateral into anterior (medial) and posterior (lateral triangle)

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscles

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3
Q

Origin of SCM muscle

A

Origin: medial third of the clavicle and manubrium of sternum
Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone
Innervation: spinal accesory nerve and anterior rami of C2,C3 (for proprioception)

Action: rotates the head to opposite side, extends head and flexes vertebrae column

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4
Q

Borders of the anterior or medial triangle

A

body of the mandible
SC
Median line of the neck from the chin to the manubrium of sternum

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5
Q

Anterior triangle is divided into 4 triangles by ———
which are

A

Anterior and posterior belly of digastric muscles
Superior belly of omohyoid bone

Submandibular or digastric triangle
Submental
Carotid
Muscular

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6
Q

Submental triangle is formed by

A

Anterior midline of the neck
Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Hyoid bone

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7
Q

Submnadibular or digastric triangle

A

Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Posterior belly of digastric muscle
Inferior border of mandible

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8
Q

Carotid triangle

A

Anterior border of SCM
Posterior belly of digastric
Superior belly of omohyoid

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9
Q

Muscular triangle

A

Anterior border of SCM
Superior belly of omohyoid
Anterior midlife of the neck

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10
Q

Contents of the anterior triangle

A

Vessels: Common carotid system (CCA, ICA, ECA)
Injmternal jugular vein

Nerves: CN 7,9,10,11,12
Cervical plexus

Muscles:
Suprahyoid ( geniihyoid, myohoid, digastric, stylohyoid

Infrahyoid: sternohyoid, thryrohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid.

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11
Q

Borders of the posterior triangle

A

Anteriorly - Posterior border of SCM
Posteriorly - Anterior border of the trapezius
Inferiorly - middle third of clavicle
Apex: occipital bone (the junction of the trapezius and SCM). It’s blunt and directed upwards.

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12
Q

The roof of the posterior triangle is formed by

A

Skin
Superficial fascia
Platysma muscle
Investing layer of the deep cervical fascia

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13
Q

Muscles that form the floor of the posterior triangle from above to below

A

Splenius capitis
Lavatory scapulae
Posterior scalene
Middle scalene
Anterior Scalene
(Look at the diagram)

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14
Q

Subdivision the posterior triangle

A

Occipital
Subclavian or supraclavicular

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15
Q

Boundaries of the occipital triangle

A

SCM
Trapezius
Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

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16
Q

Boundaries of the subclavian or supraclavicular

A

SCM
Superior border of the clavicle
Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

17
Q

Nerves in the posterior triangle

A

Spinal accesory nerve
Branches of cervical plexus (lesser occipital nerve, greater auricular, transverse cervical, dorsal scapula, nerve to the levator scapula)
Roots and trunk of brachial plexus

18
Q

Muscles in the posterior triangle

A

Inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle
Splenius capitis, levator scapulae, scalenes medius and posterior.

19
Q

Vessels in the posterior triangle

A

Subclavian artery and vein
Transverse cervical artery
Suprascapular artery
Occipital artery
External jugular vein (terminal part)

20
Q

Lymph nodes in the posterior triangle

A

Occipital
Supraclavicular or subclavian
Jugular trunk
Thoracic duct
Deep cervical lymph nodes

21
Q

Clinical correlation of the posterior triangle

A

> The external jugular vein is present in a superficial location therefore vulnerable to injury

> Accessory nerve may be damaged when taking lymph nodes biopsy

> Nerve block for surgical procedures
Carotid stenosis
Subclavian syndrome

> Thoracic outlet syndrome: check picture on phone for explanation
Subclavian syndrome (subclavian steal syndrome): check picture on phone for explanation
Horner’s syndrome: cervical sympathetic pathway injury

22
Q

Contents of the subclavian triangle

A

3rd Subclavian artery, subclavian vein
Suprascapular artery, vein, lymph nodes
Supraclavicular part of brachial plexus
Nerve to the subclavius

23
Q

Contents of the occipital triangle

A

Accessory nerve
Occipital artery
Part of branches of brachial plexus
Transverse cervical vessels and lymph nodes

Head (anatomy) (19 decks)

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