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Head (anatomy) > Pharyngeal/brachial Apparatus > Flashcards

Pharyngeal/brachial Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

Pharyngeal apparatus is AKA

A

Brachial apparatus meaning gills

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2
Q

When does the brachial apparatus starts developing

A

Embryonic day 22

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3
Q

What is the brachial apparatus involved in developing

A

Cephalon end and face of embryo

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4
Q

Lateral wall of the developing pharyngeal gut forms

A

Brachial system/ apparatus

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5
Q

What are the former components of the pharyngeal apparatus

A

PAMG
Pharyngeal
Pouches
Arches
Membranes
Grooves

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6
Q

What is branchial apparatus involved in developing

A

Cephalon end and face of an embryo

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7
Q

Components of pharyngeal apparatus

A

Pharyngeal arches
Pharyngeal pouches
Pharyngeal membrane
Pharyngeal grooves

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8
Q

I’m humans
Arch 1-4
Arch 5
Arch6 are

A

Present
Absent
Transient

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9
Q

First pharyngeal arch is called

A

Mandibular arch

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10
Q

What are pharyngeal arches

A

Masses of mesoderm covered by ectoderm and lined by endoderm

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11
Q

Pharyngeal clefts or

A

Pharyngeal grooves

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12
Q

What are the structures that develop from pharyngeal arches

A

Muscles
Skeletal components
Aortic arches
Nerve components

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13
Q

Where the ectoderm and endoderm layer meets is called the

A

Buccopharyngeal membrane (future mouth)

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14
Q

First pharyngeal arch separates into 2 prominences which are

A

Maxillary and mandibular prominences

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15
Q

1st pharyngeal pouch gives rise to

A

Auditory tube (eustachian tube) and tympanic cavity (distal ear or middle ear)

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16
Q

1st pharyngeal groove gives rise to

A

External auditory meatus (external ear canal) and the epithelium that covers it

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17
Q

1st pharyngeal groove arch gives rise to what muscles

A

I medial and lateral pterygoid
Massetter
Temporalis
Anterior belly of digastric
Mylohyoid
Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palatini

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18
Q

What type of ossification does the maxilla undergo

A

Intramembranous just like other cranial bones

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19
Q

What type of smossification does the mandible undergo

A

Cartilaginous

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20
Q

What does the maxilla process of 1st pharyngeal arch give rise to

A

Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Squamous part of temporal bone

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21
Q

What does the mandible process of 1st pharyngeal arch give rise to

A

Cartilages
Mekels Cavity
Malleus and incus
(which later become bone)

Mandible

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22
Q

The derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch is innervated by what

A

Trigeminal nerve CN V (V2 and V3 branches)

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23
Q

What are the ligaments that 1st pharyngeal arch give rise to

A

Anterior ligament of malleus and sphenomandibular ligament

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24
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch is called

A

Hyoid arch

25
Q

1st pharyngeal aortic arch gives rise to what artery

A

Maxillary artery

26
Q

When does the 2nd pharyngeal arch enlarge and overgrown the 3rd and the 4th arch

A

During the 5th week

27
Q

2nd aortic arch gives rise to

A

Stapedial artery
Hyoid artery

28
Q

What muscles develop from 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

Muscles of facial expression (frontalis, occipitalis, platysma, buccinator, auriculris, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis orbis)
Stapedius
Stlohyoid
Posterior belly of digastric muscles

29
Q

The derivatives of 2nd pharyngeal arch is innervated by

A

Fascial nerve CN VII

30
Q

What ligament does the 2nd pharyngeal arch give rise to

A

Stylohyoid ligament

31
Q

What skeletal structure does the 2nd pharyngeal arch give rise to

A

Stapes (portion)
Styloid process
Lesser Cornu and upper portion of the body of the hyoid bone

32
Q

3rd pharyngeal arch gives rise to what muscles

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle

33
Q

3rd pharyngeal arch give rise to what skeletal structure

A

Greater Cornu and lower portion of the body of the hyoid bone

34
Q

Derivatives of. 3rd pharyngeal arch is innervated by what nerve

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

35
Q

3rd aortic arch gives rise to what artery

A

Internal carotid me artery (most proximal portion)

36
Q

Muscles of the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch are innervated by

A

4th - superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve
6th - recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve

37
Q

Cartilages of the 4th and 6th arch fuses to form

A

Larynx except for epiglottis

38
Q

Muscles derived from the 4th pharyngeal arch are

A

Cricothyroid
Lavatory veli palatini
Constrictor muscles of the pharynx.

39
Q

Muscles derived from the 6th pharyngeal arch are

A

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx
Striated muscle of the oesophagus
Arytenoid

40
Q

Skeletal structures derived from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch are

A

C3AT
Cricoid
Arytenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform
Thyroid cartilages
All fuse to form laryngeal cartilage

41
Q

4th aortic arch gives rise to

A

Right subclavian artery
Aorta

42
Q

The cartilage of the epiglottis is derived from

A

Mesenchyne of the hypopharyngeal eminence (a prominence in the floor of the embryonic pharynx that is derived from the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches

43
Q

How does the pharyngeal pouches develop

A

Craniocaudally between the arches

44
Q

What separates the pharyngeal pouches from the grooves?

A

Pharyngeal membrane

45
Q

What does 2nd pharyngeal pouch give rise to

A

Palatine tonsil
Suoratonsillar fossa (a component of palatine tonsil)

46
Q

At approximately —— weeks, a messenchyme of the second pharyngeal pouch differentiates into

A

20 weeks
Lymphoid tissue

47
Q

What does 3rd pharyngeal pouch give rise to

A

Has ventral and dorsal pouch
Ventral pouch- Thymus
Dorsal pouch - inferior parathyroid gland

48
Q

When does the epithelium of the the dorsal pet of each 3rd pharyngeal arch differentiate to form the inferior path gland

49
Q

In the 3rd pharyngeal pouch Inferior parathyroid gland, first loses, connection with what then what

A

Pharynx
Thymus

50
Q

Why pharyngeal pouches have both ventral and dorsal pouch

A

3rd and 4th

51
Q

The ventral and dorsal of 4th pharyngeal pouch gives rise to

A

Untimobranchial body incorporated with thyroid gland gives rise to C cells (parafollicular cells). These C cells secrete calcitonin to regulate calcium metabolism

Superior parathyroid gland

52
Q

When does the epithelium of the the dorsal part of each 4th pharyngeal arch differentiate to form the superior parathyroid gland

53
Q

When does the pharyngeal grooves or clefts separates the arches externally

A

During 4th and 5th weeks

54
Q

When does the 2nd and 4th pharyngeal grooves disappear giving the neck a smooth contour

A

End of 7th week

55
Q

What does the 1st pharyngeal membrane give rise to

A

Tympanic membrane (only the 1st pharyngeal membrane gives rise to an adult structure)

56
Q

Persistence of the pharyngeal grooves and pouch causes what anomaly

A

Brachial cyst, sinus or fistula

57
Q

Piriform sinus fistula

A

Check slide

58
Q

Why is blood-thymus barrier

A

Is the functional and selective barrier separating T- lymphocytes from blood and cortical capillaries in the cortex of the thymus

59
Q

What are the 3 constrictor of the pharynx

A

Superior, middle, inferior constrictor of the pharynx

Head (anatomy) (19 decks)

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