Triangles of the neck, Muscles of the face Flashcards
Fascias of the neck
- Superficial cervical fascia + Platysma
- fatty CT, thin anteriorly + contains cutanous nerves, blood + lymph nodes - Investimg layer of deep cervical fascia
- surround entire neck, encloses trapezius + SCM
- encloses submandibular gland + parotid gland - Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia
- encloses infra hyoid muscles + thyroid gland + trachea and esophagus + carotid sheath - Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia
- around vertebrae + muscles
Carotid Sheath
CONTENT:
- common + internal carotid artery
- Internal jugular vein
- Vagus nerve
- Deep cervical lymph nodes
- Carotid sinus nerve of Hering
- Sympathetic nerve fibers
Parapharyngeal space
BORDERS:
sup: base of skull, sphenoid + temporal bones
med: pharyngobasilar fascia + superior pharyngeal constrictor
post-lat: Prevertebral fascia + Paravertebral musculature
post-med: Retrovisceral space + parotid gland
ant: Pterygomandibular raphe
inf: posterior belly of digastric muscle + hyoid bone
lat: medial pterygoid fascia, rams of mandible, parotid gland, posterior belly of diagastric muscle
CONTENT:
- stylopharyngeus, styloglossus, stylohyoid
- glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory + hypoglossal nerves
- cervical sympathetic trunk
- internal caortid artery
- internal jugular vein
- lymph nodes
Retropharyngeal space
BORDERS: - ant: pretracheal fascia - post: alar fascia - sup: base of skull - lat: carotid sheath CONTENT: - adipose tissue - lymph nodes
Danger space
BORDERS:
- ant: alar fascia
- post: prevertebral fascia
- sup: base of skull
- infections can spread easily to mediastinum
Occipital (ootrapezius) triangle
BORDERS: - trapezius - sternocleidomastoid - omohyoid CONTENT: - external jugular vein - transverse cerical artery - spinal accessory nerve - brachial nerve plexus - posterior branches of cervical nerve plexus
Omoclavicular (Subclavicular) triangle
BORDERS: - clavicle - omohyoid - sternocleidomastroid CONTENT: - subclavian artery and vein - suprascapular artery - suprascapular lymoh nodes
Scalenotracheal fossa
- between scalenus anterior and trachea CONTENT: - caroitd sheath - cervical sympathetic trunk - thyrocervical trunk - inferior thyroid artery - vertebral artery - internal thoracic artery
Submandibular triangle
BORDERS: - mandible - 2 bellies of digastric muscle CONTENT: - submandibular gland - lymph nodes - nerve of mylohyoid - facial artery and vein
Submental triangle
BORDERS: - anterior belly of digastric - hyoid bone - midline CONTENT: - lymoh nodes - small veins
Carotid triangle
BORDERS: - superior belly of omohyoid - sternocleidomastoid - posterior belly of digastric CONTENT: - carotid sheath - hypoglossal nerve - ansa cervicalis - spinal accessory nerve - thyroid gland - larynx - pharynx - lymph nodes
Omotracheal triangle
BORDERS: - sternocleidomastroid - superior belly of omohyoid - anterior midline of neck CONTENT: - infrahyoid muscles - thyroid gland
External Carotid artery
BRANCHES: superior thryoid artery lingual artery facial artery occipital artery posterior auricular artery ascending pharyngeal artery superficial temporal artery maxillary artery
Maxillary artery
BRANCHES:
A) FIRST PART
- deep auricular (⇒external acoustic meatus)
- anterior tympanic (⇒ tympanic membrane)
- middle meningeal (⇒dura mater)
- accessory meningeal (⇒ cranial cavity)
- inferior alveolar (⇒ lower jaw + teeth)
B) SECIND PART
- masseteric
- deep anterior and posterior temporal
- pterygoid
- buccal
C) THIRD PART
- superior posterior alveolar (⇒ gums+ molar teeth)
- infraorbital
- descending palatine
- pterygoid canal (⇒ upper pharynx + eustachian tube)
- pharyngeal
- sphenopalatine (⇒nasal cavity)
Facial artery
BRANCHES:
- ascending palatine artery (⇒ pharynx, palatine tonsil, auditory tube, soft palate)
- tonsillar branch (⇒ palatine tonsil)
- glandular branches (⇒ submandibular gland)
- submental
- inferior labial
- masseteric + buccal branches
- superior labial
- lateral nasal branch
- angular
Temporomandibular Joint
TYPE: hinge
SPECIAL: loose capsule, articular disc, superior and inferior synovial membranes
LIGAMENTS: temporomandibular, stylomadibular, sphenomandibular
MOVEMENTS: elevation/depression, protrusion/retrusion, lateral movements
Masseter
O: zygomatic arch
I: masseteric tuberosity
I: Masseteric nerve (V/3)
F: elevation, retrusion
Temporalis
O: temporal fossa
I: coronoid process of mandible and ramus
I: Deep temoral nerve (V/3)
F: elevation, retrusion
Lateral pterygoid
O: inferior head: lateral lateral plate of pterygoid process
superior head: infratemporal surface + sphenoid bone
I: inferior head: pterygoid fovea
superior head: articular disc of TMJ
I: Lateral pterygoid nerve (V/3)
F: protrusion, chewing/grinding, depression
Medial pterygoid
O: pterygoid fossa
I: pterygoid tuberosity
I: Medial pterygoid nerve (V/3)
F: elevation, protrusion, grinding/chewing
Layers of scalp
skin connective tissue aponeurosis loose areolar tissue pericranium bone
Mylohyoid
O: mylohyoid line of mandible
I: mylohyoid raphe + body of hyoid
I: mandibular nerve
F: elevates hyoid
Geniohyoid
O: inferior mental spine of mandible
I: body of hyoid
I: hypoglossal nerve
F: pulls hyoid anteriosuperiorly
Stylohyoid
O: styloid process
I: body of hyoid
I: facial nerve
F: elevates and retracts hyoid
