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ANATOMY 2 > Triangles of the neck, Muscles of the face > Flashcards

Triangles of the neck, Muscles of the face Flashcards

1
Q

Fascias of the neck

A
  1. Superficial cervical fascia + Platysma
    - fatty CT, thin anteriorly + contains cutanous nerves, blood + lymph nodes
  2. Investimg layer of deep cervical fascia
    - surround entire neck, encloses trapezius + SCM
    - encloses submandibular gland + parotid gland
  3. Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia
    - encloses infra hyoid muscles + thyroid gland + trachea and esophagus + carotid sheath
  4. Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia
    - around vertebrae + muscles
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2
Q

Carotid Sheath

A

CONTENT:

  • common + internal carotid artery
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Vagus nerve
  • Deep cervical lymph nodes
  • Carotid sinus nerve of Hering
  • Sympathetic nerve fibers
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3
Q

Parapharyngeal space

A

BORDERS:
sup: base of skull, sphenoid + temporal bones
med: pharyngobasilar fascia + superior pharyngeal constrictor
post-lat: Prevertebral fascia + Paravertebral musculature
post-med: Retrovisceral space + parotid gland
ant: Pterygomandibular raphe
inf: posterior belly of digastric muscle + hyoid bone
lat: medial pterygoid fascia, rams of mandible, parotid gland, posterior belly of diagastric muscle
CONTENT:
- stylopharyngeus, styloglossus, stylohyoid
- glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory + hypoglossal nerves
- cervical sympathetic trunk
- internal caortid artery
- internal jugular vein
- lymph nodes

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4
Q

Retropharyngeal space

A 
BORDERS:
- ant: pretracheal fascia
- post: alar fascia
- sup: base of skull
- lat: carotid sheath
CONTENT:
- adipose tissue
- lymph nodes
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5
Q

Danger space

A

BORDERS:

  • ant: alar fascia
  • post: prevertebral fascia
  • sup: base of skull
  • infections can spread easily to mediastinum
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6
Q

Occipital (ootrapezius) triangle

A 
BORDERS: 
- trapezius
- sternocleidomastoid
- omohyoid
CONTENT:
- external jugular vein
- transverse cerical artery
- spinal accessory nerve
- brachial nerve plexus
- posterior branches of cervical nerve plexus
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7
Q

Omoclavicular (Subclavicular) triangle

A 
BORDERS:
- clavicle
- omohyoid
- sternocleidomastroid
CONTENT:
- subclavian artery and vein
- suprascapular artery
- suprascapular lymoh nodes
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8
Q

Scalenotracheal fossa

A 
- between scalenus anterior and trachea
CONTENT:
- caroitd sheath
- cervical sympathetic trunk
- thyrocervical trunk
- inferior thyroid artery
- vertebral artery
- internal thoracic artery
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9
Q

Submandibular triangle

A 
BORDERS:
- mandible
- 2 bellies of digastric muscle
CONTENT:
- submandibular gland
- lymph nodes
- nerve of mylohyoid
- facial artery and vein
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10
Q

Submental triangle

A 
BORDERS:
- anterior belly of digastric
- hyoid bone
- midline
CONTENT:
- lymoh nodes
- small veins
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11
Q

Carotid triangle

A 
BORDERS:
- superior belly of omohyoid
- sternocleidomastoid
- posterior belly of digastric
CONTENT:
- carotid sheath
- hypoglossal nerve
- ansa cervicalis
- spinal accessory nerve
- thyroid gland
- larynx
- pharynx
- lymph nodes
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12
Q

Omotracheal triangle

A 
BORDERS:
- sternocleidomastroid
- superior belly of omohyoid
- anterior midline of neck
CONTENT:
- infrahyoid muscles
- thyroid gland
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13
Q

External Carotid artery

A 
BRANCHES:
superior thryoid artery
lingual artery
facial artery
occipital artery
posterior auricular artery
ascending pharyngeal artery
superficial temporal artery
maxillary artery
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14
Q

Maxillary artery

A

BRANCHES:
A) FIRST PART
- deep auricular (⇒external acoustic meatus)
- anterior tympanic (⇒ tympanic membrane)
- middle meningeal (⇒dura mater)
- accessory meningeal (⇒ cranial cavity)
- inferior alveolar (⇒ lower jaw + teeth)
B) SECIND PART
- masseteric
- deep anterior and posterior temporal
- pterygoid
- buccal
C) THIRD PART
- superior posterior alveolar (⇒ gums+ molar teeth)
- infraorbital
- descending palatine
- pterygoid canal (⇒ upper pharynx + eustachian tube)
- pharyngeal
- sphenopalatine (⇒nasal cavity)

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15
Q

Facial artery

A

BRANCHES:

  • ascending palatine artery (⇒ pharynx, palatine tonsil, auditory tube, soft palate)
  • tonsillar branch (⇒ palatine tonsil)
  • glandular branches (⇒ submandibular gland)
  • submental
  • inferior labial
  • masseteric + buccal branches
  • superior labial
  • lateral nasal branch
  • angular
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16
Q

Temporomandibular Joint

A

TYPE: hinge
SPECIAL: loose capsule, articular disc, superior and inferior synovial membranes
LIGAMENTS: temporomandibular, stylomadibular, sphenomandibular
MOVEMENTS: elevation/depression, protrusion/retrusion, lateral movements

17
Q

Masseter

A

O: zygomatic arch
I: masseteric tuberosity
I: Masseteric nerve (V/3)
F: elevation, retrusion

18
Q

Temporalis

A

O: temporal fossa
I: coronoid process of mandible and ramus
I: Deep temoral nerve (V/3)
F: elevation, retrusion

19
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

O: inferior head: lateral lateral plate of pterygoid process
superior head: infratemporal surface + sphenoid bone
I: inferior head: pterygoid fovea
superior head: articular disc of TMJ
I: Lateral pterygoid nerve (V/3)
F: protrusion, chewing/grinding, depression

20
Q

Medial pterygoid

A

O: pterygoid fossa
I: pterygoid tuberosity
I: Medial pterygoid nerve (V/3)
F: elevation, protrusion, grinding/chewing

21
Q

Layers of scalp

A 
skin
connective tissue
aponeurosis
loose areolar tissue
pericranium
bone
22
Q

Mylohyoid

A

O: mylohyoid line of mandible
I: mylohyoid raphe + body of hyoid
I: mandibular nerve
F: elevates hyoid

23
Q

Geniohyoid

A

O: inferior mental spine of mandible
I: body of hyoid
I: hypoglossal nerve
F: pulls hyoid anteriosuperiorly

24
Q

Stylohyoid

A

O: styloid process
I: body of hyoid
I: facial nerve
F: elevates and retracts hyoid

25
Q

Digastric

A 
O: anterior: digastric fossa of mandible
    posterior: mastoid notch of temporal bone
I: intermediate tendon on hyoid
I: anterior: mandibular nerve
   posterior: facial
F: depresses mandible, elevates hyoid
26
Q

Sternohyoid

A

O: manubrium of sternum
I: body of hyoid
I: deep cervical ansa
F: depresses hyoid after elevation

27
Q

Omohyoid

A

O: superior border of scapula
I: inferior border of hyoid
I: deep cervical ansa
F: depresses and retracts hyoid, holds open internal jugular vein

28
Q

Sternothyroid

A

O: manubrium
I: thyroid cartilage
I: deep cervical ansa
F: depresses hyoid and larynx

29
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

O: thyroid cartilage
I: hyoid bone
I: hypoglossal nerve
F: depresses hyoid, elevates larynx

30
Q

Rectus capitis anterior

A

O: lateral mass of atlas
I: occipital bone
I: cervical plexus
F: flexion of head

31
Q

Longus capitis

A

O: transverse process C3⇒C6
I: occipital bone
I: cervical plexus
F: flexion of head, lateral bending

32
Q

Longus colli

A

O: transverse process C5-C2, bodies of T1-T3, bodies of C4-T2
I: atlas, transverse process C6, bodies C1-C3
I: cervical plexus
F: rotation, flexion of cervical spine

33
Q

Scalenus anterior

A

O: transverse process C3-C6
I: 1st rib
I: brachial plexus

34
Q

Scalenus medius

A

O: transverse process C1-C7
I: 1st rib
I: brachial plexus

35
Q

Scalenus posterior

A

O: transverse process C5-C7
I: 2-3rd rib
I: brachial plexus

36
Q

Scalenus hiatus

A
  • between scaliness anterior and medius
    CONTENT:
  • subclavian artery
  • brachial plexus
37
Q

Subclavian artery

A

BRANCHES:

  • vertebral artery
  • internal thoracic artery
  • thyrocervical trunk
    • inferior thyroid a
    • suprascapular a
    • ascending cervical a
    • transverse cervical a
  • costocervical trunk
    • deep cervical a
    • superior intercostal a
  • dorsal scapular artery
38
Q

Skin innervation of Head

A 
Ophthalmic nerve (V/1)
Maxillary nerve (V/2)
Mandibular nerve (V/3)
Greater occipital nerve
Lesser occipital nerve
Greater auricular nerve
Transverse cutaneous of neck
Supraclavicular

ANATOMY 2 (12 decks)

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