1. Circumvallate (ant. to terminal sulcus, taste buds) 2. Foliate (lat. side of tongue, taste buds) 3. Filiform (sensitive to touch) 4. Fungiform (taste buds)

Tounge, Palate, Teeth, Salivary glands, Pharynx Flashcards by Roberta Davidsson

Borders of oral cavity

sup: Hard and Soft Palates
inf: Mylohyoid muscle, Geniohyoid muscles
lat: teeth arches, buccinator muscle, Bichat’s fat pad
ant: lips
post: Isthmus of Fauces

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Parts of the Lips

External cutaneous part (stratified squamous keratinized epith.)
Internal mucous part ( stratified squamous non-keratinized epith.)
Vermilion border

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Lingual papillae

Circumvallate (ant. to terminal sulcus, taste buds)
Foliate (lat. side of tongue, taste buds)
Filiform (sensitive to touch)
Fungiform (taste buds)

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Genioglossus

extrinsic muscle of tongue
O: mental spine
I: fans out from apex
I: Hypoglossal nerve
F: depression of tongue, protraction

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Hyoglossus

extrinisc muscle of tongue
O: greater horn and body of hyoid
I: lateral side and inferior surface
I: Hypoglossal nerve
F: depresses and retracts

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Styloglossus

extrinsic muscle of tongue
O: styloid process, stylohyoid ligament
I: side and anterior 
I: Hypoglossal nerve
F: pulls tip back, pulls tongue up and back

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Palatoglossus

extrinsic muscle of tongue and soft palate
O: palatine aponeurosis
I: side
I: Pharyngeal plexus
F: elevates posterior part

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Intrinsic muscles of tongue

Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transversus
Verticalis
I: Hypoglossal nerve

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Innervation of tongue

Motor: Hypoglossal nerve
Genersal sensory: Lingual(V/3), Glossopharyngeal
Taste sensation: Chorda tympani (VII), Glossopharyngeal
Epiglottis: Vagus nerve

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Vasculature of tongue

External carotid - lingual a -

Dorsal lingual a.
Deep lingual a
Sublingual a

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Pirogoff triangle

BORDERS:
sup: hypoglossal nerve
ant: posterior margin of mylohyoid
inf: tendon of digastric, stylohyoid
CONTENT:
lingual artery

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Beclard triangle

BORDERS:
sup: tendon of digastric
post: free margin of hyoglossus
inf: greater horn of hyoid bone
CONTENT:
lingual artery

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Lateral groove of tongue

BORDERS:
med: hyoglossus m
lat: mylohyoid m
sup: sublingual mucous membrane
CONTENT:
lingual nerve
submandibular duct
hypoglossal nerve
sublingual gland

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Medial groove of tongue

BORDERS:
med: genioglossus m
lat: hyoglossus m
CONTENT:
lingual artery
glossopharyngeal nerve

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Hard Palate

BONES:
premaxilla
palatine process of maxilla
horizontal plates of palatine bones
FORAMINA:
incisive fossa (nasopalatine nerve)
greater palatine foramen (greater palatine nerves and vessels)
lesser palatine foramen (lesser palatine nerve and vessels)

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Soft Palate

ant: Aponeurotic palate
post: Muscular palate
midline: Uvula
lat: Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

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Tensor veli palatini

muscle of soft palate
O: scaphoid fossa, membranous part of Auditory tube
I: palatine aponeurosis
I: branch of mandibular nerve
F: tenses palate and opens auditory tube

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Levator veli palatini

muscle of soft palate
O: temporal bone, cartilaginous part of Auditory tube
I: palatine aponeurosis
I: pharyngeal plexus
F: elevates soft palate up and back

Palatopharyngeus

muscle of soft palate
O: palatine aponeurosis, hard palate
I: lateral wall of pharynx
I: pharyngeal plexus
F: tenses palate, pulls walls of pharynx during swallowing

Musculos Uvulae

muscle of soft palate
O: palatine aponeurosis
I: mucosa of uvula
I: pharyngeal plexus
F: shortens uvula and pulls it superiorly

Vasculature of palates

Greater palatine artery
Branch of descending palatine artery (maxillary)
Lesser palatine artery (facial)

Innervation of Palate

Greater palatine nerve
Nasopalatine nerve
Lesser palatine nerve

Waldeyer’s lymphatic pharyngeal ring

Pharyngeal tonsil
2 Tubal tonsils
2 Palatine tonsils
Lingual tonsil

Heterodont dentition

Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars

Surfaces of teeth

Masticatory surface Vestibular surface Lingual or Palatal surface Approximal surface- Mesial and distal

Parts of teeth

``` Crown: covered by enamel Dentine: avascular ivory forming mass under enamel Cementum: bonelike mineralized tissue Pulp cavity: loose CT, vessles Neck of tooth Root: attached to periodontal ligament SUPPORTING STRUCTURES: periodontal ligament Periodontium Tooth socket Interraidicular septa ```

Arterial supply of teeth

Inferior alveolar artery (maxillary) Superior-Posterior alveolar artery (maxillary) Superior- Anterior alveolar artery (infraorbital)

Nerve supply of teeth

Inferior alveolar nerve and plexus (mandibular) | Superior dental plexus (maxillary and infraorbital)

Parotid gland

- pure serous - enclosed by parotid sheath - parotid duct of Stensen STRUCTURES EMBEDDED: - parotid plexus of facial nerve - retromandibular vein - external carotid artery - auriculotemporal nerve - parotid lymph nodes

Submandibular gland

- mostly serous - in body of mandible - duct of Wharton - opens in sublingual papilla . supplied by submental artery/vein

Sublingual gland

- mostly mucous - between mandible and genioglossus - supplied by sublingual artery, submental artery

Borders of Parotid nest

ant: masseter m, rams of mandible, medial pterygoid m post: sternocleidomastoid m, posterior belly of digastric med: stylohyoid, stylopharyngeus, styloglossus

Pharyngobasilar fascia

- fibrous coat of pharyngeal wall - attached to basilar part of occipital bone, petrous part of temporal bone - forms wall of non-muscular pharynx

Parts of Pharynx

Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

Passavant Ridge

prominence of posterior wall of nasopharynx formed by contraction of superior constrictor muscle of pharynx during swallowing

Constrictors of pharynx

``` 1. Superior constrictors: pterygopharyngeal part buccopharyngeal part mylopharyngeal part glossopharyngeal part 2. Middle constrictors: chondropharyngeal part ceratopharyngeal part 3. Inferior constrictors: thyropharyngeal part cricopharyngeal part ```

Stylopharyngeus muscle

elevator of pharynx O: styloid process I: anterior and posterior thyroid cartilage

Palatopharyngeus muscle

elevator of pharynx O: hard palate, palatine aponeurosis I: posterior border of thyroid cartilage lamina

Salpingopharyngeal muscle

elevator of pharynx O: cartilaginous part of Auditory tube I: palatopharyngeus muscle

Arterial supply of pharynx

upper: facial and macillary artery lower: ascending pharyngeal artery lowest: superior thyroid artery Venous drainage: pharyngeal plexus

Innervation of pharynx

Motor: Pharyngeal plexus - all muscles (not stylopharyngeus, superior constrictor, upper 1/2 of middle constrictor- glossopharyngeal nerve) Sensory: - muscous membrane - maxillary n - oropharynx- glossopharyngeal n - laryngopharynx - internal laryngeal n (vagus)

Lymphatic drainage of pharynx

Retropharyngeal lymph nodes

Layers of wall of pharynx

1. mucosa 2. fibrous layer 3. muscles 4. pharyngeal fascia

Palatine tonsil blood supply

- ascending pharyngeal a (facial a) - lingual a - descending palatine a (maxillary a) - ascending palatine a