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ANATOMY 2 > Abdominal wall and inguinal region > Flashcards

Abdominal wall and inguinal region Flashcards

1
Q

Fascias of abdominal wall

A
  1. Superficial fascia:
    - Camper’s fascia
    - Membranous fascia of Scarpa
  2. Deep fascia
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2
Q

Layers of abdominal wall

A
  1. skin
  2. subcutaneous fatty tissue
  3. superficial fascia
  4. external oblique + aponeurosis
  5. internal oblique + aponeurosis
  6. transversus abdominis + aponeurosis
  7. transversalis fascia
  8. preperitoneal fatty tissue
  9. parietal peritoneum
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3
Q

External oblique

A

O: rib 5-12
I: iliac crest, inguinal ligament, rectus sheath
I: intercostal nerves (T8-T11), subcostal nerves (T12), ilioinguinal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve
F: flex vertebral column, bend laterally + rotation

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4
Q

Internal oblique

A

O: iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, ASIS, inguinal ligament
I: ribs 10-12, linea alba, pubic tubercle
I: T6-T12 IC nerves, iliohypogastric + ilioingunal
F: rotation, bending laterally, flexes lumbar vertebral column

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5
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

O: 7-12 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
I: xiphoid cartilage, linea alba, pubic tubercle, pectin pubis
I: lower 6 thoracic IC nerves, ilioinguinal + iliohypogastric
F: contraction + expansion of abdominal wall, rotation , flexion of trunk

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6
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

O: 5-7 ribs, xiphoid process
I: pubic tubercle
I: T7-T12 IC nerves
F: flexes vertebral column, tenses abdominal wall

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7
Q

Pyramidalis

A

O: pubic crest
I: linea alba
I: intercostal nerves
F: tenses linea alba

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8
Q

Rectus Sheath

A

Anterior layer:
- above arcuate line: external + internal oblique
- below arcuate line: external + internal oblique + transversus abdominis
Posterior layer:
- above: internal oblique + transverses abdminis
- below: rectus abdominis, transversalis fascia

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9
Q

Nerves of anterolateral abdominal wall

A
  • thoracoabdominal nerves
  • thoracic spinal nerves
  • subcostal nerve
  • iliohypogastric nerve
  • ilioinguinal nerve
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10
Q

Vessels of anterolateral abdominal wall

A
  • superior epigastric vessels (internal thoracic)
  • inferior epigastric vessels (external iliac)
  • superficial circumflex iliac vessels (femoral artery, ⇒ greater saphenous vein)
  • deep circumflex iliac vessels (external iliac artery)
  • superficial epigastric vessels (demoral artery, ⇒ greater saphenous vein)
    Cutaneous veins:
  • paraumbilical veins
  • thoracoepigastric veins
  • inferior/superior epigastric veins
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11
Q

Inguinal region

A 
BORDERS:
sup: horizontal line from ASIS to midline
med: linea alba
inf.lat.: inguinal ligament
CONTENT:
5 umbilical folds
inguinal canal
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12
Q

Inguinal ligament of Poupart

A

fibrous band formed by the thickened inferior border of the aponeurosis of the external oblique
from ASIS to pubic tubercle
bridging muscular and vascular lacunae

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13
Q

Inguinal canal

A

BORDERS:
sup: internal oblique, transverses abdominis
ant: aponeurosis of external + internal oblique
post: transversalis fascia + conjoint tendon
inf: inguinal ligament
CONTENT:
- in males: spermatic cord + ilioinguinal nerve
- in females: round ligament + ilioinguinal nerve

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14
Q

Peritoneum

A
  • serous sac of mesothelium
  • the peritoneal sac + omental bursa
  • parietal + visceral peritoneum
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15
Q

Intraperitoneal organs

A
  1. stomach
  2. duodenum
  3. liver
  4. spleen
  5. jejunum
  6. ileum
  7. cecum + appendix
  8. transverse colon
  9. sigmoid colon
  10. oviduct
  11. uterus
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16
Q

Semi-intraperitoneal organs

A
  1. cecum
  2. ascending colon
  3. descending colon
  4. rectum
  5. urinary bladder
  6. posterior fornix of vagina
17
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A
  1. kidney
  2. adrenal gland
  3. ureter
  4. rectum (middle1/3)
  5. duodenum
  6. pancreas
    also:
    - abdominal aorta
    - IVC + common iliac veins
    - lymphatics: lumbar trunks, intestinal trunk, cisterna chyli
    - nerves: lumbar + sciatic plexus, sympathtic trunk, para- and prevertebral ganglia
18
Q

Infraperitoneal organs

A
  1. urinary bladder
  2. rectum (lower1/3)
  3. prostate
  4. seminal vesicle
  5. vas deference
  6. cervix of uterus
  7. anterior fornix of vagina
  8. urethra
  9. vagina
    also:
    - common iliac arteries, external iliac a., internal iliac a
    - pelvic venous plexus
    - lymphatics: lumbar trunk, pelvic lymph nodes
    - nerves: pudendohaemorrhoidal plexus-
19
Q

Preperitoneal space

A
  • between anterior parietal peritoneum and transversalis fascia
    1. Median umbilical fold:
  • apex of urinary bladder ⇒ umbilicus
  • covers median umbilical ligament, remnant of urachus
    ⇒ FSV: supravesical fossa
    2. Medial umbilical folds:
  • lateral to medial umbilical fold
  • covers medial umbilical ligament⇒ remnant of umbilical arteries
    ⇒ FIM: medial inguinal fossa
    3. Lateral umbilical folds:
  • covers inferior eoigastric vessels
    ⇒ FIL: lateral inguinal fossa
20
Q

Omental bursa

A
  • 3 recesses: superior, inferior splenic
  • parts:
    ⇒ epiploic foramen: communication with greater sac
    ⇒ vestibule: between epiploic foramen + gastropancreatic fold
    ⇒ gastropancreatic fold
    ⇒ cavity proper
21
Q

Borders of Epiploic foramen

A

ant: Hepatoduodenal ligament
post: Hepatorenal ligament + IVC
sup: Liver (caudate lobe)
inf: Duodenum (1st part) + Duodenorenal ligament

22
Q

Borders of Cavity proper of Omental bursa

A

ant: Hepatogastric ligament, stomach, gastrocolic ligament
inf: Transverse colon + Transverse mesocolon
post: Posterior parietal peritoneum + pancreas

23
Q

Surgical entrace to Omental bursa

A

⇒ via lesser omentum
⇒ via greater omentum
⇒ via transverse mesocolon

24
Q

Recesses of Greater sac

A
  • Subphrenic recess
  • Subhepatic recess
  • Paracolic recess
  • Rectovesical puch- in males
  • Rectouterine pouch- in female
  • Vesicouterine puch - in female
  • Duodenojejunal, sup + inf
25
Q

Lesser omentum

A
  • connects lesser curvature of stomach + duodenum with liver

- consists of: Hepatogastric + Hepatoduodenal ligament

26
Q

Greater omentum

A
  • hangs down from greater curvature of stomach + duodenum⇒ attaches to transverse colon + mesocolon
  • consists of: Gastrosplenic + splenorenal + gastrophrenic + gastrocolic ligaments
27
Q

Peritoneal ligaments

A
  1. Phrenicocolic
  2. Falciform
  3. Teres ligament of liver
  4. Coronary ligament of liver
  5. Ligamentum venosum
  6. Hepatoduodenal
  7. Hepatogastric
  8. Gastrosplenic
  9. Splenorenal
  10. Gastrophrenic
  11. Gastrocolic
  12. Root of mesentery
28
Q

Monro-Richter line

A

line passing from umbilicus to ASIS

29
Q

McBurney point

A

located on lateral 1/3 of Monro-Richter line, marks approximate location of base of appendix

30
Q

Monro point

A

located on interspinal line of Lanz, vertically below McBurney point, also for location of appendix

31
Q

Right upper quadrant

A
  • Liver
  • Gall bladder
  • stomach: pylorus
  • duodenum: parts 1-3
  • pancreas: head
  • right suprarenal gland
  • right kidney
  • right colic flexure
  • ascending colon
  • transverse colon
32
Q

Right lower quadrant

A
  • cecum
  • vermiform appendix
  • ileum
  • ascending colon
  • right ovary
  • right uterine tube
  • right ureter
  • right spermatic cord
  • uterus
  • urinary bladder
33
Q

Left upper quadrant

A
  • liver
  • spleen
  • stomach: fundus
  • jejunum + ileum
  • pancreas: body + tail
  • left kidney
  • left suprarenal gland
  • left colic flexure
  • transverse colon
  • descending colon
34
Q

Left lower quadrant

A
  • sigmoid colon
  • descending colon
  • left ovary
  • left uterine tube
  • left ureter
  • left spermatic cord
  • uterus
  • urinary bladder
35
Q

Hernias

A
  1. Abdominal hernias
    - umbilical
    - epigastric
    - spigelian
    - incusional
    - lumbocostal
    - lumbar
    - femoral
    - hiatal
  2. Inguinal hernias
    - indirect
    - direct
36
Q

Corona mortis

A
  • anatomical variant
  • anastomosis between the obturator and the external iliac or inferior epigastric arteries or veins
  • location: behind the superior pubic ramus
  • importance: hemorrhage may occur if accidentally cut and it is difficult to achieve subsequent hemostasis, e.g. during hernia operation

ANATOMY 2 (12 decks)

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