TRENDS IN PERIOD 1 AND 2

Question 1

what are the trends in reactivity in water as you go down group 2? (1)

Answer 1

reactivity increases as you go down group 2.

Question 2

what is the general equation for an alkaline earth metal reacting with steam? (1)

Answer 2

Mg(s) + H2O -> MgO(s) + H2(g)

Question 3

what is Mg(OH)2 used for? (1)

Answer 3

milk of magnesia - calms stomach to reduce acid reflux.

Question 4

what is the general equation for an alkaline earth metal reacting with water? (1)

Answer 4

M(s) + 2H2O(l) -> M(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

Question 5

what is BaSO4 used for? (1)

Answer 5

barium meal - used in medicine to locate the presence of a leak in the intestines.

Question 6

what is the equation for the industrial process of titanium? (2)

Answer 6

TiCl4(l) + 2MgCl2(s) + Ti(s)

Question 7

what is Ca(OH)2 used for? (1)

Answer 7

slaked lime - used in soil with acidic pH

Question 8

is strontium hydroxide soluble? (1)

Answer 8

soluble

Question 9

is calcium hydroxide soluble? (1)

Answer 9

slightly soluble

Question 10

is calcium sulphate soluble? (1)

Answer 10

slightly soluble

Question 11

is magnesium hydroxide soluble? (1)

Answer 11

insoluble

Question 12

what are the trends in solubility of hydroxides in group 2? (1)

Answer 12

solubility increases as you go down the group.

Question 13

what are the trends in solubility of sulphates in group 2? (1)

Answer 13

solubility decreases as you go down the group.

Question 14

is strontium sulphate soluble? (1)

Answer 14

insoluble

Question 15

what is the trend in ionisation energies in group 2? (1)

Answer 15

ionisation energy decreases because atoms get bigger therefore there is more shielding from inner shells so weaker attraction from nucleus to electron outer shell.

Question 16

is magnesium sulphate soluble? (1)

Answer 16

soluble

Question 17

what are the trends in atomic radius in group 2? (1)

Answer 17

atomic radius increases because each subsequent element has more electrons with more electron shells.

Question 18

how reactive are the elements in group 2? (1)

Answer 18

they are highly reactive but not as reactive as group 1.

Question 19

what is the trend in melting point in group 2? (1)

Answer 19

melting points decrease, the smaller the atom gets the closer the electrons are to the protons an therefore feel a greater force of attraction, weaker metallic bonding as metal ions get bigger.

Question 20

how do electronegativities tend to increase across a period? (3)

Answer 20

-more protons in nucleus
-smaller atomic radius
-so stronger attraction between nucleus and 2 electrons in covalent bond.

Question 21

what is the general trend in electronegativity across a period? (1)

Answer 21

electronegativities tend to increase.

Question 22

why do first ionisation energies tend to increase? (3)

Answer 22

-more protons
-atoms get smaller
-therefore stronger attraction from nucleus to electron in outer shell

Question 23

what is the general trend in first ionisation energy across a period? (1)

Answer 23

generally tend to increase

Question 24

what groups are in the d - orbital range? (1)

Answer 24

the transition metals

Question 25

what groups are in the p - orbital range? (1)

Answer 25

group 3 through 8

Question 26

what groups are in the s - orbital range? (3)

Answer 26

-hydrogen and helium
-group 1
-group 2

Question 27

what does the atomic radius decrease as you go across a period? (3)

Answer 27

-more protons in nucleus
-same amount of shielding
-so stronger attraction between nucleus and outer shell electrons so the outer shell electrons are pulled closer to the nucleus.

Question 28

what is the general trend as you go across a period? (1)

Answer 28

as you go across, the atomic radius decreases.

Question 29

what is the general trend as you go down a group? (1)

Answer 29

as the groups go down, the atomic radius increases.