CARBONYL GROUP Flashcards
What does the carbonyl group consist of? (1)
the carbonyl group consists of a carbon-oxygen double bond
where is the carbonyl group present? (2)
in aldehydes and ketones
where is the carbonyl group in aldehydes? (1)
in aldehydes, the carbon bonded to the oxygen (the carbonyl carbon) has at least one hydrogen atom bonded to it.
where is the carbonyl group in a ketone? (1)
in ketones, the carbonyl carbon has two organic groups, which can represented by R and R’
what is the suffix of an aldehyde? (1)
-al
what is the suffix of an ketone? (1)
-one
where can the aldehyde group occur? (1)
the aldehyde group can only occur at the end of a chain, so a numbering system is not needed to show its location.
why can their not be a ketone with fewer than three carbons? (1)
because otherwise the carbonyl group will be at the end of the chain, therefore making it an aldehyde.
why do you not need to number the shorter chain ketones? (1)
because the carbonyl group can only be in one position.
what are the physical properties of the carbonyl group?
-permanent dipole dipole forces
-higher boiling points
-solubility in water
-reactivity
why does the carbonyl group have permanent dipole dipole forces? (1)
the carbonyl group is strongly polar so there are permanent dipole dipole forces between the molecules.
why does the carbonyl group have high boiling points? (1)
because of the permanent dipole dipole forces between molecules, this causes them to have higher boiling points than those of alkanes but not as high as alcohols where hydrogen bonding can occur between molecules.
what is the trend of solubility in water of the carbonyl group? (1)
shorter chain aldehydes and ketones mix completely with water because hydrogen bonds form between the oxygen of the carbonyl compound and water. As the length of the carbon chain increases, carbonyl compounds become less soluble in water.
what is the trend of reactivity of the carbonyl group? (1)
the C=O bond in carbonyl compounds is strong, the big difference in electronegativity between carbon and oxygen makes the C=O bond strongly polar. So nucleophilic reagents can attack the positive carbon. Also since they contain a double bond carbonyl compounds are unsaturated and addition reactions are possible.
