Trematodes: Flukes

Question 1

Echinococcus granulosis

Answer 1

Transmission: ingestion of eggs from dog feces

“Encysted stages, no tapeworm
Disease: cyss in liver, causing anaphylaxis if antigens released (surgeons preinject with ethanol to kill cysts before removal)”

Question 2

Schistosoma mansoni, japonicum, hematobium

Answer 2

“Eggs with lateral spine (Mansoni)
Transmission: snails are host; cercariae (larvae) penetrate skin of humans”

““Swimmers itch”. Hematobium – hematuria.
Disease: Liver and spleen granulomas, fibrosis, and inflammation
Chronic infection with S. haemotobium can lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
S. hematobium: hematuria
S. mansoni: portal hypertension
Schistosomiasis: 1) Katayama 2) Fermatitis 3) Chronic fibrosis”

Question 3

Chlonorchis Sinensis

Answer 3

“Transmission: Undercooked fish
Liver fluke”

Disease: biliary tract inflammation->pigmented gallstones; associated with cholangiocarcinoma

Question 4

Paragonismus westermani

Answer 4

“Tranmission: undercooked crab meat
Lung fluke”

Disease: lung inflammation and secondary bacterial infection, with hemoptysis