Other GNR Flashcards
Vibrio cholerae
Curved. Oxidase (+). Choleragen: increases cAMP (ADP-ribosylates a stimulatory G-protein). Grows in alkaline media.
Need to ingest large amount of bacteria to get disease. Profuse rice water diarrhea. Endemic in developing countries.
Vibrio vulnificus
Wound & soft tissue infection (esp. in shell fish handlers). Saltwater exposure. “vulna = wave”. Septic shock.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Gastroenteritis from under cooked seafood (sushi) – esp Japan. Bloody diarrhea.
Campylobacter jejuni
Curved GNR. Microaerophilic. Grows best 420C. Oxidase (+). No enterotoxin.
Bloody Diarrhea (esp. in children). Commonly precedes Guillain-Barre syndrome (PNS demylinating disorder). Associated with reactive arthritis. Fecal-oral. Poultry, meat, unpasturized milk. Domesticated pets.
Helicobacter pylori
Curved. GNR. Urease (+). Creates alkaline env.
Ulcers. gastritis. gastric cancer
HaEMOPhilus influenzae
Small GNR. Capsular polysaccharide serotypes. IgA protease. Chocolate agar media with X (heme) and V (NAD). Can be grown with S. aureus (provides V)
“EMOP: Epiglotitis, Meningitis, Otitis media, Pneumonia.
Aerosol transmission. Most invasive disease caused by capsular type B. Hib (type B) vaccine has decreased cases of meningitis.
When child has ““flu”” mom goes to the five (V) and dime (X) store to buy some ““chocolate””.”
Haemophilus ducreyi
Requires X (heme), not V (no “V NADs”)
Chancroid (painful ulcer). Ulcerative genital infection (along with herpes) increases transmission of HIV
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Cholesterol in cell membrane. No peptidoglycan. Fied egg colony appearance.
Atypical penumonia (like chlamydia pneumonia). Tracheobronchitis. Cold aggulutination test (IgG). 50% of Pneumonia in teens.
Legionella pneumophilia
GNR. Stains poorly (use silver stain). Charcoal yeast extract agar with iron & cysteine. Grows inside macrophages.
“Legionnaires disease: Severe pneumonia. Fever. GI & CNS symptomes. Micro-abscesses. Pontiac fever (mild flu-like syndrome)
Aerosol transmission from environmental water source. No person-person transmission.
““Think of a French Legionnaire (soldier) with his silver helmet, sitting around a camp fire (charcoal) with his iron dagger - he is no sissy (cysteine), but he drives a Pontiac…”””
Bordetella pertussis
Pertussis Toxin (A-B Toxin): over-activates adenylate cyclase! Which increases cAMP bu disabling the inhibitory G-protein, impairing phagocytosis to permit survival of microbe. Culture on Bordet-Gengou agar.
TDaP vaccine. Whooping cough. DFA (direct fluorescent antibody) test (rapid result). Human pathogen.
Brucella
Aerobic. Intracellular (macrophages). Endotoxin.
“Exposure to cattle, goats. Unpasturized dairy.
Undulent fever: Incubation period of 1-3 weeks then flu-like symptoms. Weakness, fatigue, enlarged liver & spleen.
““Brutus slaughtered Caesar: slaughter house”””
Francisella tularensis
Charcoal yeast extract agar. Requires cysteine for growth. Survives in retuloendothelial cells.
“Tularemia: ulceroglandular illness - ulceration at site of entry and then lymph nodes.
Transmission: Ticks, Rabbits, Deer fly. Bio-weapon (pulmonary form)”
Yersinia pestis
Safety pin (bipolar staining). Non-motile.
“Pathogenesis: endotoxin, exotoxin, V & W antigens, F1 antigen (in cell wall) protects against phagocytosis.
Rat & prarie dog reservoir. Flea transmission. Buboe = swollen lymph nodes. “
Pasturella multocida
Normal flora dog and cat mouths
Animal bites cause cellulitis & osteomylitis.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
4 Virulence Factors: Endotoxin (fever, shock), Exotoxin A (inactivates EF-2 like diptheria toxin), Capsule, Pili. Strict Aerobe. Lactose (-), Oxidase (+). Non-fermentor.
“PSEUDO: Pneumonia (cystic fibrosis, biofilm), Sepsis (black lesions on skin), External Otitis (swimmer’s ear), UTI, Drug use, diabetic Osteomylitis, Hot tub foliculitis.
Green pigment. Wine-grape-fruity odor. Ecthyma gangrenosa. Surgical & Burn wound infections. Nosocomial. Ecthyma (deep impetigo) gangrenosa”
