treatments for depressive + bipolar issues

Question 1

psychodynamic view of depression

Answer 1

it results from real or imagined loss of a loved one, and is compounded by excessive dependence on others

Question 2

psychodynamic treatment of depression

Answer 2

• not well supported by research, tho can be helpful in some cases (childhood trauma, others)
• bring unconcsious issues to light, thru free association, dreams, transference, resistence
• help them talk thru past events/feelings

Question 3

behavioral treatment of depression

Answer 3

1) reintroduce clients to pleasurable activities (research supports)
2) reward nondepressive activity and withhold for depressive
3) teach social skills

Question 4

contingency management approach

Answer 4

ignoring clients depressive behaviors while praising nondepressive to reward
family/friends can be recruited

Question 5

aaron beck’s cognitive therapy (for depression) phase 1

Answer 5

-increasing activities and elevating mood

clients create detailed schedule of activities for the week

Question 6

aaron beck’s cognitive therapy (for depression) phase 2

Answer 6

-challengning automatic thoughts

recognize/record the thoughts as they have them, bring to sessions, then they test the reality of them and often find them groundless

Question 7

aaron beck’s cognitive therapy (for depression) phase 3

Answer 7

-identifying negative thinking + biases

teach about their illogical thinking, how to change that style of interpretation

Question 8

aaron beck’s cognitive therapy (for depression) phase 4

Answer 8

-changing primary attitudes

change the maladaptive att.s ,often by testing- ie, ‘i can’t be happy w/o a man’ ‘well, try being w/o a man for a month and see how you feel’

Question 9

what percent of ppl show near total elimination of symptoms of depression after cog therapy

Answer 9

50-60%

Question 10

acceptance and committment therapy

Answer 10

rather than trying to dispel neg thoughts, learn to recognize/accept them as simply streams of thinking, not accurate guides for life

Question 11

multicultural approach to depression therapy

Answer 11

more effective for minorities when culture sensitivity and discussion is included in therapy

Question 12

interpersonal psychotherapy

Answer 12

holds that any of the 4 can lead to depressoin, must be addressed
1) interpersonal loss
2) interpersonal role disputes
3) interpersonal role transition
4) interpersonal deficits 
same success rate as CBT

Question 13

couple therapy

Answer 13

communication/problem solving skills, teach to be more accepting of each other

Question 14

electroconvulsive treatment

Answer 14

quick and effective treatment for depression
controversial; some think it’s low risk though it can cause (usually reversible) memory loss
electricity passes thru brain for 1/2 sec or less, causes brain seizure
6-12 treatments
anaesthetic + muscle relaxants used
60-80% success rate

Question 15

what are the 3 antidepressent drugs?

Answer 15

• MAO inhibitors (raises norepinephrine, dangerous food interactions, 50% success)
• tricyclics (allows NTs to stay in synapse longer and not be reuptaken, 65% success)
• 2nd gen anitdepressants (usually SSRI inhibitors, or norepinehrping reup. inh., or both. Same as tricyclics in effectivieness + speed, w diff side effects)

Question 16

vagus nerve stimulation

Answer 16

longest nerve in body, communicates btween brain and major organs

• electrical stim through surgical implant activates many NTs, not sure why it works
• 40% success rate for ppl unresponsive to other treatment

Question 17

transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 17

current sent into prefrontla cortex

can be effective for nonresponsive clients

Question 18

deep brain stim

Answer 18

brodmann area 25, which may be ‘depression switch’, stimulated electrically
success, but still relatively new

Question 19

lithium and other mood stabilizers for bipolar

Answer 19

much more effective than therapy

• mostly effective w mania, but only partially w depression
• reduces relapse
• unclear exactly how works
• indiv, group, or fam therapy often used in adjunct (to help w ppl wanting to stop drugs, and increase social support/reduce suicide)