models of abnormal psych Flashcards
what is the biological model
-problems in organisms biology are the root issue
how does an electrical impulse travel along the neuron?
-received by dendrites, travels along axon, then stimulates release of neurotransmitters to the receiving dendrites across the synapse.
-some NT tell the neighboring neuron to fire, others are inhibitory
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what are the 3 types of bio treatment used?
- drugs
- electroconvulsive therapy (can be effective on depressed patients unreponsive to other treatments)
- psychosurgery (last course of action)
what is the psychodynamic model?
behavior is determined by unconscious mental processes
- no symptom accidental; childhood trauma leads to adult issues etc
- freud
what is the id?
instinctual needs/drives/impulses
- pleasure principle (seeks to gratify desires)
- freud believed all id instincts to be sexual
what is the ego?
ego employs reason to judge when ones id impulses are accetable to show (reality principle)
what is the superego?
morality principle
what is transference in psychodynamic therapies?
redirection towards therapist of feelings and behaviors associated w ppl important to one’s life
what is catharsis in psychodynamic therapies?
-psychotherapists beileve that patients need to experience reliving of past repressed feelings in order to move forward
what is relational psychoanalytic therapy?
therapists should self-disclose and develop an equal relationship w their patients
what is the behavioral model
mental processes are determined by behaviors, either internal or external
- these behaviors can be learned and unlearned
- operant + classical conditioning
behavioral therapy?
- therapist tries to identify behaviors causing emotional problems then replace using classical or operant conditioning or modeling
- teacher, not healer
systematic desensitization
- phobias
- learn relaxation skills
- fear hierarchy
- confront step by step in imagination or real
cognitive model
cognitive processes are at the root of emotions, thoughts, and behaviors; abnormal psych can be understoo thru cognition
cognitive therapy
therapist helps client recognize biased thinking, illogical thoughts, negative thinking, that encourage problems
humanistic-existential model
humanists: ppl are naturally good/cooperative, and are driven to self actualize (fulfill potential for goodness/growth)
existentialists: ppl are not naturally good, but are naturally completely free, and must realize that in order to live an authentic life rather than avoiding responsibility for actions
Carl Rogers humanistic theory/therapy , client centered therapy
- everyone has basic need to recieve positive regard
- if unconditional positive regard is not given to child, they will fail to develop it
- instead: conditions of worth, only loveabe/acceptable when conforming to certain guidelines
- maintaining pos self regard then requires selective/distorted self image (distorted self image, lack of self-awarenss0
- not fared well in research
three traits for therapists using roger’s client centered therapy
- unconditional positive regard
- accurate empathy
- genuineness
gestalt therapy
guide patients to self recognition/acceptance thru acitivies like role playing, skillful frustration, and rules
family-social theory
the forces operating directly on the person (family/social interaction, community events) account for behavior
social labels and roles
labels/roles assigned to troubled ppl can affect them- they end up filling the negative role/label
social connections and supports
social interactions affect ppls mental health
family structure and communications
family is a system of interacting parts
structure and communication patterns in a family can force an indiv. to behave abnormally
-enmeshed (overly involved w each other) or disengaged (rigid boundaries) both negative
community mental health treatment
comm. mental health movement launched in early 1960s from kennedy
primary prevention
improve community policies/attitudes, elimate psych disorders altogether
secondary prevention
recognizing and treating psych disorders before they become serious
tertiary prevention
provide care ASAP so moderate or severe probs dont become long term
multicultural theorists
indivudals behavior best understood in light of their cultural background- including women, LGBT, racial, class issues
- therapy often less used, for less time, and less effective for racial minorites
- more effective w cultural sensitivity and inclusion of cultural morals/models in treatment
