models of abnormal psych

Question 1

what is the biological model

Answer 1

-problems in organisms biology are the root issue

Question 2

how does an electrical impulse travel along the neuron?

Answer 2

-received by dendrites, travels along axon, then stimulates release of neurotransmitters to the receiving dendrites across the synapse.
-some NT tell the neighboring neuron to fire, others are inhibitory
-

Question 3

what are the 3 types of bio treatment used?

Answer 3

• drugs
• electroconvulsive therapy (can be effective on depressed patients unreponsive to other treatments)
• psychosurgery (last course of action)

Question 4

what is the psychodynamic model?

Answer 4

behavior is determined by unconscious mental processes

• no symptom accidental; childhood trauma leads to adult issues etc
• freud

Question 5

what is the id?

Answer 5

instinctual needs/drives/impulses

• pleasure principle (seeks to gratify desires)
• freud believed all id instincts to be sexual

Question 6

what is the ego?

Answer 6

ego employs reason to judge when ones id impulses are accetable to show (reality principle)

Question 7

what is the superego?

Answer 7

morality principle

Question 8

what is transference in psychodynamic therapies?

Answer 8

redirection towards therapist of feelings and behaviors associated w ppl important to one’s life

Question 9

what is catharsis in psychodynamic therapies?

Answer 9

-psychotherapists beileve that patients need to experience reliving of past repressed feelings in order to move forward

Question 10

what is relational psychoanalytic therapy?

Answer 10

therapists should self-disclose and develop an equal relationship w their patients

Question 11

what is the behavioral model

Answer 11

mental processes are determined by behaviors, either internal or external

• these behaviors can be learned and unlearned
• operant + classical conditioning

Question 12

behavioral therapy?

Answer 12

• therapist tries to identify behaviors causing emotional problems then replace using classical or operant conditioning or modeling
• teacher, not healer

Question 13

systematic desensitization

Answer 13

• phobias
• learn relaxation skills
• fear hierarchy
• confront step by step in imagination or real

Question 14

cognitive model

Answer 14

cognitive processes are at the root of emotions, thoughts, and behaviors; abnormal psych can be understoo thru cognition

Question 15

cognitive therapy

Answer 15

therapist helps client recognize biased thinking, illogical thoughts, negative thinking, that encourage problems

Question 16

humanistic-existential model

Answer 16

humanists: ppl are naturally good/cooperative, and are driven to self actualize (fulfill potential for goodness/growth)
existentialists: ppl are not naturally good, but are naturally completely free, and must realize that in order to live an authentic life rather than avoiding responsibility for actions

Question 17

Carl Rogers humanistic theory/therapy , client centered therapy

Answer 17

• everyone has basic need to recieve positive regard
• if unconditional positive regard is not given to child, they will fail to develop it
• instead: conditions of worth, only loveabe/acceptable when conforming to certain guidelines
• maintaining pos self regard then requires selective/distorted self image (distorted self image, lack of self-awarenss0
• not fared well in research

Question 18

three traits for therapists using roger’s client centered therapy

Answer 18

• unconditional positive regard
• accurate empathy
• genuineness

Question 19

gestalt therapy

Answer 19

guide patients to self recognition/acceptance thru acitivies like role playing, skillful frustration, and rules

Question 20

family-social theory

Answer 20

the forces operating directly on the person (family/social interaction, community events) account for behavior

Question 21

social labels and roles

Answer 21

labels/roles assigned to troubled ppl can affect them- they end up filling the negative role/label

Question 22

social connections and supports

Answer 22

social interactions affect ppls mental health

Question 23

family structure and communications

Answer 23

family is a system of interacting parts
structure and communication patterns in a family can force an indiv. to behave abnormally
-enmeshed (overly involved w each other) or disengaged (rigid boundaries) both negative

Question 24

community mental health treatment

Answer 24

comm. mental health movement launched in early 1960s from kennedy

Question 25

primary prevention

Answer 25

improve community policies/attitudes, elimate psych disorders altogether

Question 26

secondary prevention

Answer 26

recognizing and treating psych disorders before they become serious

Question 27

tertiary prevention

Answer 27

provide care ASAP so moderate or severe probs dont become long term

Question 28

multicultural theorists

Answer 28

indivudals behavior best understood in light of their cultural background- including women, LGBT, racial, class issues

• therapy often less used, for less time, and less effective for racial minorites
• more effective w cultural sensitivity and inclusion of cultural morals/models in treatment