TREATMENT, PREVENTION, AND CONTROL

Question 1

Treatment for Entamoeba histolytica & Giardia lamblia

Answer 1

Metronidazole / Tinidazole

Question 2

Preventive measure of Entamoeba histolytica & Giardia lamblia & Cryptosporidium parvum

*clue is the MOT

1. Personal hygiene and sanitation measures
2. Elimination of _____ that may involve fecal-oral contact
3. Adequate ___ treatment
4. Awareness of environmental sources of infection

Answer 2

2. Elimination of SEXUAL ACTIVITIES that may involve fecal-oral contact
3. Adequate WATER treatment

Question 3

Treatment for Cryptosporidium parvum

Answer 3

Nitazoxanide

Question 4

Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 4

Metronidazole / Tinidazole

Question 5

Preventive measure of Trichomonas vaginalis

1. Awareness of _____ transmission
2. _____ of all partners when infection is diagnosed in an individual patient.

Answer 5

1. sexual
2. treatment

Question 6

Treatment for Naegleria fowleri

Answer 6

Amphotericin B

Question 7

Preventive measure of Naegleria fowleri
*clue is the MOT

Avoidance of contaminated environmental ___ and ____ sources

Answer 7

WATER AND SOIL

Question 8

Treatment for Leishmania spp.

Answer 8

Sodium stibogluconate,
Meglumine antimoniate

Question 9

Preventive measure of Leishmania spp.
*clue is the MOT

1. ____ control
2. Careful handling of all clinical specimens from infected patients

Answer 9

VECTOR CONTROL

Question 10

Treatment for T. brucei rhodesiense

Answer 10

Pentamidine

Question 11

Treatment for T. brucei gambiense

Answer 11

Suramin

Question 12

Treatment for Trypanosoma cruzi

Answer 12

Nifurtimox, Benznidazole

Question 13

Preventive measure of Trypanosoma spp.
*clue is the MOT

1.Vector control
2. Awareness of ______ (blood transfusion, shared needles, organ transplants)

Answer 13

potential exposure

Question 14

Treatment for Plasmodium falciparum

Answer 14

Artemisinin (artemether),
Quinine, Mefloquine

Question 15

Treatment for Plasmodium vivax

Answer 15

Chloroquine, Primaquine

Question 16

Preventive measure of Plasmodium spp. & Babesia spp.
*clue is the MOT

1. Vector control
2. Awareness of transmission through blood transfusion, shared drug needles, congenital infections, and organ transplants.
3. Malaria _____ if traveling to endemic areas.

Answer 16

Malaria PROPHYLAXIS

Question 17

Treatment for Babesia spp.

Answer 17

Clindamycin plus quinine
Atovaquone plus azithromycin

Question 18

Treatment for Intestinal nematodes

Answer 18

Mebendazole / Albandazole
Pyrantel pamoate

Question 19

Preventive measure of Intestinal nematodes
*clue is the MOT

1. Awareness of environmental _____
2. Avoiding frequenting possibly _____

Answer 19

1. source of infection
2. contaminated soil

Question 20

Treatment for Filariae

Answer 20

Diethylcarbamazine
Ivermectin (for O. volvulus)

Question 21

Preventive measure of Filariae

Answer 21

Vector control
Chemoprophylaxis

Question 22

Treatment for Schistosoma spp.

Answer 22

Praziquantel

Question 23

Preventive measure of Schistosoma spp.
*clue is the MOT

1. Avoiding potentially contaminated water sources
2. Proper disposal of human excreta and ____
3. Eradication of snails by using _____ e.g.
   metal salts (iron or aluminum sulfate), metaldehyde, methiocarb and acetylcholine esterase inhibitors

Answer 23

2. urine
3. molluscicides

Question 24

Treatment for Lung, liver, and intestinal
trematodes

Answer 24

Praziquantel
Triclabendazole (for F. hepatica)

Question 25

Preventive measure of Lung, liver, and intestinal trematodes *clue is the MOT 1. Avoiding eating _____ water plants and 2. thorough cooking of potentially infected ____, _____, or _____that may contain encysted larval forms 2. Adequate waste disposal of farm animal _____

Answer 25

1. raw 2. fish, crabs, or crayfish 3. feces

Question 26

Treatment for Intestinal cestodes

Answer 26

Praziquantel Niclosamide

Question 27

Preventive measure of Intestinal cestodes *clue is the MOT 1. Adequate _____, _____, or _____ of pork, beef, or fish 2. Effective ______ to prevent infection to cattle and pigs

Answer 27

1. cooking, salting or deep freezing 2. fecal disposal

Question 28

Treatment for Tissue cestodes (Cysticercosis)

Answer 28

Albendazole, Praziquantel Surgical removal

Question 29

Preventive measure of Tissue cestodes (Cysticercosis) *clue is the MOT 1. Personal _____ to prevent autoinfection with eggs 2. Effective _____ to prevent contamination of food and water with eggs 3. Treatment of patients harboring adult tapeworms to avoid accidental ingestion of eggs

Answer 29

1. personal HYGIENE 2. fecal disposal

Question 30

Treatment for Tissue cestodes (Sparganosis)

Answer 30

Praziquantel Surgical removal

Question 31

Preventive measure of Tissue cestodes (Sparganosis) *clue is the MOT _____ and _____ of drinking water, and eating adequately cooked flesh of potentially infected hosts

Answer 31

filtering and boiling

Question 32

Treatment for Echinococcus spp. (Hydatid cyst)

Answer 32

Scolicidal agents - Ethanol Cetrimide Hypertonic saline Surgical removal / PAIR Albendazole

Question 33

PAIR Albendazole means

Answer 33

Puncture Aspiration of hydatid cyst fluid Injection w/ sporicidal agent Reaspiration

Question 34

Preventive measure of Echinococcus spp. (Hydatid cyst) *clue is the MOT 1. Administering praziquantel to infected ____ 2. Personal ____ to reduce contamination of food and water with dog’s feces

Answer 34

1. dogs 2. hygiene

Question 35

The following is an example of what vector control: - Proper disposal of sewage, garbage, and manure - Elimination of stagnant water - Use of door and window screens and mosquito nets

Answer 35

Physical Control

Question 36

Examples of PHYSICAL Vector Control

Answer 36

1. Proper disposal of sewage, garbage, and manure 2. Elimination of stagnant water 3. Use of door and window screen and mosquito nets

Question 37

The following is an example of what vector control: - Use of insecticides like dichlorophenyltrichloroethane (DDT), Pyrethrum, and arsenical compounds - Use of mosquito repellants - Use of larvicidal chemicals

Answer 37

CHEMICAL CONTROL

Question 38

Examples of CHEMICAL Vector Control

Answer 38

1. use of INSECTICIDES 2. use of MOSQUITO repellants 3. use of LARVICIDAL chemicals

Question 39

The following is an example of what vector control: - Use of specific microorganisms which are pathogenic to various morphological forms of arthropods - use of larvivorous fish

Answer 39

Biological control