TREATMENT, PREVENTION, AND CONTROL Flashcards
Treatment for Entamoeba histolytica & Giardia lamblia
Metronidazole / Tinidazole
Preventive measure of Entamoeba histolytica & Giardia lamblia & Cryptosporidium parvum
*clue is the MOT
- Personal hygiene and sanitation measures
- Elimination of _____ that may involve fecal-oral contact
- Adequate ___ treatment
- Awareness of environmental sources of infection
- Elimination of SEXUAL ACTIVITIES that may involve fecal-oral contact
- Adequate WATER treatment
Treatment for Cryptosporidium parvum
Nitazoxanide
Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis
Metronidazole / Tinidazole
Preventive measure of Trichomonas vaginalis
- Awareness of _____ transmission
- _____ of all partners when infection is diagnosed in an individual patient.
- sexual
- treatment
Treatment for Naegleria fowleri
Amphotericin B
Preventive measure of Naegleria fowleri
*clue is the MOT
Avoidance of contaminated environmental ___ and ____ sources
WATER AND SOIL
Treatment for Leishmania spp.
Sodium stibogluconate,
Meglumine antimoniate
Preventive measure of Leishmania spp.
*clue is the MOT
- ____ control
- Careful handling of all clinical specimens from infected patients
VECTOR CONTROL
Treatment for T. brucei rhodesiense
Pentamidine
Treatment for T. brucei gambiense
Suramin
Treatment for Trypanosoma cruzi
Nifurtimox, Benznidazole
Preventive measure of Trypanosoma spp.
*clue is the MOT
1.Vector control
2. Awareness of ______ (blood transfusion, shared needles, organ transplants)
potential exposure
Treatment for Plasmodium falciparum
Artemisinin (artemether),
Quinine, Mefloquine
Treatment for Plasmodium vivax
Chloroquine, Primaquine
Preventive measure of Plasmodium spp. & Babesia spp.
*clue is the MOT
- Vector control
- Awareness of transmission through blood transfusion, shared drug needles, congenital infections, and organ transplants.
- Malaria _____ if traveling to endemic areas.
Malaria PROPHYLAXIS
Treatment for Babesia spp.
Clindamycin plus quinine
Atovaquone plus azithromycin
Treatment for Intestinal nematodes
Mebendazole / Albandazole
Pyrantel pamoate
Preventive measure of Intestinal nematodes
*clue is the MOT
- Awareness of environmental _____
- Avoiding frequenting possibly _____
- source of infection
- contaminated soil
Treatment for Filariae
Diethylcarbamazine
Ivermectin (for O. volvulus)
Preventive measure of Filariae
Vector control
Chemoprophylaxis
Treatment for Schistosoma spp.
Praziquantel
Preventive measure of Schistosoma spp.
*clue is the MOT
- Avoiding potentially contaminated water sources
- Proper disposal of human excreta and ____
- Eradication of snails by using _____ e.g.
metal salts (iron or aluminum sulfate), metaldehyde, methiocarb and acetylcholine esterase inhibitors
- urine
- molluscicides
Treatment for Lung, liver, and intestinal
trematodes
Praziquantel
Triclabendazole (for F. hepatica)
Preventive measure of Lung, liver, and intestinal trematodes
*clue is the MOT
- Avoiding eating _____ water plants and
- thorough cooking of potentially infected ____, _____, or _____that may contain encysted larval forms
- Adequate waste disposal of farm animal _____
- raw
- fish, crabs, or crayfish
- feces
Treatment for Intestinal cestodes
Praziquantel
Niclosamide
Preventive measure of Intestinal cestodes
*clue is the MOT
- Adequate _____, _____, or _____ of pork, beef, or fish
- Effective ______ to prevent infection to cattle and pigs
- cooking, salting or deep freezing
- fecal disposal
Treatment for Tissue cestodes
(Cysticercosis)
Albendazole, Praziquantel
Surgical removal
Preventive measure of Tissue cestodes
(Cysticercosis)
*clue is the MOT
- Personal _____ to prevent autoinfection with eggs
- Effective _____ to prevent contamination of food and water with eggs
- Treatment of patients harboring adult tapeworms to avoid accidental ingestion of eggs
- personal HYGIENE
- fecal disposal
Treatment for Tissue cestodes
(Sparganosis)
Praziquantel
Surgical removal
Preventive measure of Tissue cestodes
(Sparganosis)
*clue is the MOT
_____ and _____ of drinking water, and eating adequately cooked flesh of potentially infected hosts
filtering and boiling
Treatment for Echinococcus spp.
(Hydatid cyst)
Scolicidal agents - Ethanol Cetrimide Hypertonic saline
Surgical removal / PAIR
Albendazole
PAIR Albendazole means
Puncture
Aspiration of hydatid cyst fluid
Injection w/ sporicidal agent
Reaspiration
Preventive measure of Echinococcus spp.
(Hydatid cyst)
*clue is the MOT
- Administering praziquantel to infected ____
- Personal ____ to reduce contamination of food and water with dog’s feces
- dogs
- hygiene
The following is an example of what vector control:
- Proper disposal of sewage, garbage, and manure
- Elimination of stagnant water
- Use of door and window screens and mosquito nets
Physical Control
Examples of PHYSICAL Vector Control
- Proper disposal of sewage, garbage, and manure
- Elimination of stagnant water
- Use of door and window screen and mosquito nets
The following is an example of what vector control:
- Use of insecticides like dichlorophenyltrichloroethane (DDT), Pyrethrum, and arsenical compounds
- Use of mosquito repellants
- Use of larvicidal chemicals
CHEMICAL CONTROL
Examples of CHEMICAL Vector Control
- use of INSECTICIDES
- use of MOSQUITO repellants
- use of LARVICIDAL chemicals
The following is an example of what vector control:
- Use of specific microorganisms which are pathogenic to various morphological forms of arthropods
- use of larvivorous fish
Biological control
