HEMOFLAGELLATES

Question 1

Leishamania spp.

MOT / INFECTIVE STAGE:
VECTOR:
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE:

Answer 1

MOT / INFECTIVE STAGE: Promastigotes

VECTOR: Sandflies

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: Amastigotes

Question 2

Trypanosoma brucei complex

MOT / INFECTIVE STAGE:
VECTOR:
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE:

Answer 2

MOT / INFECTIVE STAGE: metacystic / metacyclic TRYPOMASTIGOTES

VECTOR: Tsetse flies (Glossina)

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: Trypomastigotes (extracellular)

Question 3

Trypanosoma cruzi

MOT / INFECTIVE STAGE:
VECTOR:
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE:

Answer 3

MOT / INFECTIVE STAGE: metacystic / metacyclic TRYPOMASTIGOTES

VECTOR: Kissing bug (Reduviid / Triatomine bug)

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: AMAStigote & TRYPOmastigote

Question 4

Developmental Stages “PAMET”

Answer 4

Promastigote
Amastigote
Metacystic Trypomastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote

Question 5

Developmental Stages “PA” of Leishmania spp

Answer 5

Promastigote
Amastigote

Question 6

Developmental Stages “MET” of T. brucei complex

Answer 6

Metacystic Trypomastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote

Question 7

Developmental Stages “AMET” of T. cruzi

Answer 7

Amastigote
Metacystic Trypomastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote

Question 8

Skin lesions with elevated margins that leave ugly scars on healing

Answer 8

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Question 9

Highly disfiguring, leprosy-like cutaneous lesions that spread to the mucous membranes

Answer 9

Muco-cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Question 10

Fever, organomegaly, ascites, anemia, hyperpigmentation of the skin

Answer 10

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Question 11

Trypanosome chancre
Hemolymphatic stage – fever and cervical lymphadenopathy called WINTERBOTTOM SIGN

Answer 11

West African Trypanosomiasis

Question 12

Meningoencephalitic or sleeping stage– somnolence, coma, and death

Answer 12

East African Trypanosomiasis

Question 13

2 Lesions at inoculation site of American Trypanosomiasis:

1. swelling around the eye / orbital edema
2. swelling at the other site / bite site

Answer 13

1. Romaña
2. Chagoma

Question 14

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Agents

Old Wold CL:
New World CL:

Answer 14

Old Wold CL: L. tropica

New World CL: L. mexicana

Question 15

Muco-cutaneous Leishmaniasis Agents

Answer 15

L. braziliensis

Question 16

Visceral Leishmaniasis Agents

Old Wold VL:
New World VL:

Answer 16

Old Wold VL: L. donovani (aka Kala-azar/ Black Fever)

New World VL: L. chagasi

Question 17

African Trypanosomiasis or Sleeping Sickness

West African:
East African:

Answer 17

West African: T. brucei ghambiense (chronic)

East African:T. brucei rhodiesiense (acute)

Question 18

New World or American Trypanosomiasis aka CHAGA`s Disease

Answer 18

T. cruzi

Question 19

Direct Inoculation vs Indirect Inoculation

Answer 19

Direct means SALIVA (by Sandlfies and Tsetse Flies)

Indirect means DEFECATION (By Kissing Bug)

Question 20

Epimastigote vs Trypomastigote

1. Undulating membrane
2. Kinetoplast

Answer 20

1. Undulating membrane
   EPI: Short
   TRYPO: Long
2. Kinetoplast
   EPI: Anterior to nucleus
   TRYPO: Posterior to nucleus

Question 21

Promastigote of Leishmania is harvested from culture using (NNN or SP medium)

Answer 21

NNN = Novy mcNeal Nicolle

SP = Schneider’s Drosophila medium