DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE Flashcards
Clearance period of Antacids, antidiarrheals, barium, bismuth, laxatives (leave crystalline residues)
7 to 10 days
Clearance period of Antimicrobial agents (decrease the number of protozoans)
2-3 weeks
Clearance period of Gallbladder dyes
3 weeks
Collect sufficient quantity of stool if LIQUID STOOL
5 to 6 tablespoon
Collect sufficient quantity of stool if SOLID/FORMED STOOL
2 to 5 grams (thumb size)
Number of specimens examined (over 10 days period)
3 specimens
Maximum time between collection and examination
LIQUID stool:
SOFT/Semi formed stool:
FORMED stool:
LIQUID stool: 30 mins
SOFT/Semi formed stool: up to 1 hour
FORMED stool: up to 24 hours
Beyond one hour, the stool must be ____ for up to 24 hours
refrigerated
For longer periods of preservation:
2 vial technique (CDC) or 1 vial preservatice (commercial)
Ratio of stool to preservative
1:3
All-purpose fixative
10% formalin
Fix and stain
Merthiolate-iodine-formalin
Can be used for permanent stains
Sodium acetate-acetic acid formalin
contain mercuric chloride (toxic to man)
Schaudinn’s fluid & Polyvinyl alcohol
contain zinc sulfate or copper sulfate
modified PVA
found in formed stool is ____ while in liquid stool is ____
Cyst ; trophozoites
In egg counting technique: high yield is in ____ while low yield in ____ (consistency of stool)
high yield in formed & dry stool
low yield in liquid & watery stool
wet mount is prepared by mixing _______ of stool with a drop of ____
2mg of stool + 0.85% Saline (NSS)
concentration technique where specific gravity of parasite > specific gravity of medium
Sedimentation procedures
concentration technique where specific gravity of parasite < specific gravity of medium
Flotation procedures
Sedimentation procedures that is Efficient in recovering most protozoan cysts and helminth eggs and larvae
Formalin-ether (or ethyl acetate) concentration technique
Sedimentation procedures
Recommended for animal parasites, Trichuris, Capillaria, and Schistosoma eggs
Acid-ether concentration technique
Flotation Procedures yields a cleaner preparation than is provided by FECT
Zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation
Flotation Procedures no centrifugation is required and uses saturated salt solution
Brine’s flotation
Flotation Procedures uses boiled sugar solution preserved with phenol and for concetrating coccidian oocysts
Sheather’s flotation
Permanent staining that is shades of gray blue to black
Iron Hematoxylin
Permanent staining that is a modification of gomori
Wheatley`s Trichome
Permanent staining that is 10x of normal dye content; for microsporidians
Modified Trichome
Permanent staining that uses Kinyoun`s (weak acid decolorizer) and to demonstrate Coccidian
Modified acid-fast stain
Neutrophils resembles
E. histolytica cyst
Macrophages, squamous and columnar epithelial cells resembles
Amebic trophozoites
Yeast, fungal conidia, mushroom spores, diatoms resembles
Protozoan cysts or helminth eggs
Mite eggs resembles
hookworm eggs
Pollen grains resembles
Taenia eggs or Ascaris eggs
technique that is useful for assessing worm burden and monitoring the efficacy of antihelminthics
Egg counting techniques
Egg counting techniques is useful in cases of
Soil transmitted Helminths (STH) and Schistosomiasis
modification of the Kato thick smear which uses a measured amount of stool which has been sieved through a wire mesh
Kato-Katz
amount of stool use in Kato THICK smear
50-60 mg
mixture use in Kato THICK smear
Glycerin (clearing agent) and Malachite green (background)
used to determine severity of Schistosoma infection
Faust-Malloney egg hatching technique
stool culture method that uses moistened soil or granulated charcoal
Copro culture
stool culture method that – involves applying positive stool to a filter paper strip and
placing it into a test tube with distilled water for 10 days at 25-30°C.
Harada-Mori or Test tube culture method
preferred specimen especially for malaria to avoid distortion of parasite
morphology
Fresh non-anticoagulated blood
timing of collection for MALARIA is ___ the next anticipated fever spike
BEFORE
timing of collection for FILARIASIS depends on the ___
PERIODICITY
stained smear used for rapid diagnosis of malaria and demonstrating Trypomastigotes and Microfilariae
Thick blood smear
stained smear used for species identification
Thin blood smear
Parasites/µL blood = (parasites / WBCs counted) × WBC count per µL or 8,000 WBCs
Thick smear
% parasitemia = (parasitized RBCs / total RBCs counted) × 100
Thin smear
Stain that is recommended for detection and identification of blood parasites
Giemsa stain
Useful in the demonstration of malarial parasites, microfilariae,
trypomastigotes, and Babesia spp.
Quantitative buffy coat
Specimen use for the demonstration of Naegleria and Acanthamoeba trophozoites,
trypomastigotes, and cysticerc
Cerebrospinal fluid
– examined to detect T. vaginalis trophozoites, S. haematobium
ova, and rarely W. bancrofti microfilariae
Urogential tract specimens
Useful in the demonstration of P. westermani ova, migrating helminth larvae, E. histolytica trophozoites, and
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Sputume or Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)
