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Treatment Flashcards

0
Q

What is the tx for mucor?

A

Amphotericin B

MOA: binds ergosterol and forms pores in the membrane

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1
Q

What is the treatment for blastomycosis?

A

Itraconazole
MOA: inhibit fungal sterol synthesis by inhibiting p450 enzyme (14-alpha-sterol demethylase) that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

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2
Q

What is used for tx of neonatal opioid withdrawal?

A

Tincture of opium

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3
Q

What is used for warfarin OD.?

A

Vit K

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4
Q

What is the treatment for acidosis or hyperkalemia?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

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5
Q

What is the treatment for cryptococcal meningitis?

A

Amphotericin b and flucytosine
MOA: binds to ergosterol and creates pores in the membrane
MOA: inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis by conversion of 5-fluorouracil by cytosine deaminase

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6
Q

What is the prophylactic tx and long term maintenance for cryptococcal meningitis?

A

Fluconazole

MOA: inhibit ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting p450

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7
Q

What is the tx for campylobacter?

A

Erythromycin

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8
Q

What is the treatment for agitation?

A

Haloperidol

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9
Q

What is the treatment for someone with drug-induced Parkinsonism?

A

A centrally acting antimuscarinic - benztropine or trihexyphenidyl

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10
Q

What is used to tx acetaminophen OD and how does it work?

A

N-acetyl cysteine - binds to the the toxic metabolite (NAPQI) of acetaminophen metabolism (by sulfation and glucoronidation). It also provides sulfhydryl groups to enhance the non-toxic sulfation elimination of acetaminophen.

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11
Q

What is the tx for iron poisoning?

A

Deferoxamine

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12
Q

What is the tx of aspirin OD?

A

Decrease GI absorption
Correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Alkalinization of urine to increase excretion

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13
Q

What is the tx of TCA OD.

A

Prevent arrythmias = MCC

Sodium bicarbonate

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14
Q

What is the tx for barb OD?

A

Decrease GI absorption
Correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Alkalinization of urine to increase excretion

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15
Q

What is the tx for severe asthma, sensitivity to perennial allergen and asthma with incomplete response to steroids?

A

Omalizumab - anti IgE

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16
Q

What is used in the tx of waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia and multiple myeloma?

A

Bortezomib - a proteasome inhibitor

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17
Q

What is the tx for heparin induced thrombocytopenia?

A

Argatrobran
Lepirudin
Hirudin
All are direct thrombin inhibitors - bind at the active site

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19
Q

What is the tx for acute dystonias?

A

Anti histamine s (diphenhydramine)

Anticholinergic (benztropine/trihexyphenidyl

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20
Q

What is the tx for anthrax?

A

Cipro

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21
Q

What is the tx for ascites?

A

Low sodium diet

Furosemide and spironolactone

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22
Q

What is the tx for oral thrush?

A

Nystatin -

MOA = binds ergosterol and forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes

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23
Q

What is the tx for Listeria?

A

Ampicillin

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24
Q

What is used for pneumococcal and H. Flu meningitis?

A

Ceftriaxone

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25
Q

What is the tx for tularemia and plague?

A

Streptomycin

MOA: binds 30s subunit and inhibits formation of the initation complex

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26
Q

What is the tx for wet AMD.

A

IV ranizumab and pegatinib - anti-VEGF abs

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27
Q

What is the tx for non-small cell carcinomas?

A

EGFR inhibitors - erlotinib and geftinib

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28
Q

What is alpha-INF used for?

A

Tx of hep b and C
Hairy cell leukemia
Condyloma acuminatum
Kaposi’s

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42
Q

What is the tx for tardive dyskinesia?

A

Reduce dose of offending antipsychotic (most often risperidone) or stop the antipsychotic and replace with clozapine

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43
Q

What is the tx of choice for hairy cell leukemia?

A

Cladribine- a purine analog that is resistant to degradation by adenosine deaminase. This allows the drug to build up to high concentrations and become incorporated into the DNA causing breaks.

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44
Q

What is used for the treatment of side effects of cholinesterases used in myasthenia gravis?

A

Scopolamine and hyoscyamine because these are selective muscarinic antagonists that won’t affect cholinesterase activities at the nicotinic cholinergic receptors as in skeletal muscle so you can still treat myasthenia gravis

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45
Q

What can be used to prevent radio contrast induced nephropathy?

A

N-acetylcysteine

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46
Q

What is used to prevent cardio toxicity of anthracyclines?

A

Dexrazoxane - iron chelating

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47
Q

What is the tx for serotonin syndrome?

A

Cyproheptadine -

First generation histamine antagonist with nonspecific 5HT1 and 2 antagonism

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48
Q

What are the first line tx for a-fib?

A

Beta blockers

Calcium channel blockers

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49
Q

What is the tx for prevention of TIAs?

A

Low dose daily aspirin

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50
Q

What is the tx for diptheria in order of importance?

A
  1. Passive immunity - antitoxin
  2. Erythromycin/penicillin
  3. DPT vaccine
51
Q

What is the tx for trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Carbamazepine

52
Q

What is the tx for acute migraine?

A

Triptans

53
Q

What is the tx for cluster headache?

A

Inhaled oxygen

Sumatriptan

54
Q

What drug can be used for prophylaxis of a variceal bleed?

A

Propranolol

55
Q

What is the tx for unresectable melanoma?

A

Vemurafenib - a BRAF kinase inhibitor

56
Q

What should be given with exposure to heavy isotopes of radioactivity?

A

Potassium iodide to compete with the radioactive iodide for uptake into the thyroid.

57
Q

What is the best tx for a patient who has tonic clonic and absence seizures?

A

Valproic acid

58
Q

What’s the tx for beta blocker overdose?

A

Glucagon - acts on G protein receptors and increases cAMP thus increasing calcium during muscle contraction. Will see improvement in heart rate and bp within minutes

59
Q

What is the tx for acute intermittent porphyria?

A

Glucose and heme

60
Q

What is the tx for urea cycle disorders?

A

Decrease protein intake

61
Q

What is the tx for staph epidermidis?

A

Vancomycin
Rifampin
Gentamicin

62
Q

What is the tx for s. pneumonae

A

3rd generation ceph

63
Q

What is the tx for s. agalactiae in pregnancy?

A

A penicillin or ampicillin at 35-37 weeks

64
Q

What is the tx for group B strep meningitis?

A

Pen G

3rd gen ceph

65
Q

What is the tx for necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Pen G

Clindamycin

66
Q

Where should thoracentesis be performed at mid axillary line?

A

Between ribs 5-7

67
Q

Where should thoracentesis be performed at mid axillary line?

A

Between ribs 7-9

68
Q

Where should thoracentesis be performed along the para vertebral line?

A

Ribs 9-11

69
Q

Where do the intercostal vein, artery and nerve lie?

A

At the lower border of the rib.

70
Q

What is in the retroperitoneal space?

A 
Abdominal aorta
IVC
Pancreas (except tail) 
Kidneys
Adrenal glands 
Part 2,3,4 for duodenum 
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Rectum
Ureters 
Bladder
Vertebral column 
Pelvic muscles
71
Q

What is the tx for warfarin skin necrosis?

A

Fresh frozen plasma to replenish protein C

72
Q

What is the tx for vWF disease and mild hemophilia A?

A

Desmopressin

73
Q

How do you treat overdoses of MTX, aspirin and phenobarbital?

A

With bicarbonate because they are weak acids that will be trapped in the urine by a basic environment because they donate a hydrogen and become charged

74
Q

How do you treat an OD of amphetamines.?

A

With ammonium chloride

Amphetamines are weak bases and will therefore accept a hydrogen and become charged and trapped

75
Q

What is the tx for intussception?

A

Barium enema

76
Q

What is the tx for esophageal varices?

A

Somatostatin - constricts the splanchnics and diverts blood to the systemic system

77
Q

What is menotropin and hCG given for?

A

To stimulate FSH and LH for infertility

78
Q

What is the tx for lichen sclerosis?

A

Corticosteroids

79
Q

Erythematous, pruritic ulcerated skin of vulva

Pas positive, keratin positive

A

Extramammary Paget’s

80
Q

Malignant sheets of uniform cells - large vesicular cells with clear cytoplasm
Fleshy
Radiosensitive
Ckit tyrosine kinase

A

Dysgerminoma

Associated with Turner’s

81
Q

What is the first line treatment for Tourette’s?

A

Haloperidol

Atypical antipsychotics

82
Q

What is the first line tx for myoclonic seizures?

A

Valproate acid

83
Q

What is the first line tx for partial seizures?

A

Carbamazepine

84
Q

What are the first line tx for tonic-clonic seizures?

A

Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Valproate

85
Q

What is the second line tx for absence seizure?

A

Valproate

86
Q

What is the perioperative tx to prevent venous thrombosis in a hospitalized patient?

A

Heparin

87
Q

What is used to tx heparin induced thrombocytopenia?

A

Lepirudin

Argatroban

88
Q

What is the first line tx for PSVT?

A

Adenosine - may cause flushing, burning in chest, SOB, AV block

89
Q

What is the tx of choice for an ectopic pregnancy?

A

MTX - will get a build up of DHF and folic acid in the cells

90
Q

What is leucovorin?

A

Folinic acid = pre-reduced form of folic acid that can be used for purine and thymidylate synthesis without being reduced by DHF reductase

91
Q

What is the tx for bacteriodes?

A

Piperacillin + tazobactam

92
Q

What is the tx for Conn’s syndrome?

A

An aldosterone antagonist : spironolactone, eplerenone,

93
Q

What is the tx for theophylline OD.

A

Beta blockers for the tachyarrythmia

BZDs and barbs for the seizures

94
Q

What is the tx for Graves opthalmopathy?

A

Corticosteroids - anti inflammatory effects

95
Q

What is the tx for atypical depression?

A

MAOi - phenelzine

96
Q

What is the tx for nephrotoxicity from acyclovir?

A

IV hydration

97
Q

What is the tx for TCA cardio toxicity?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

98
Q

What is the treatment for norepinephrine extravasation?

A

Phentolamine

99
Q

What is the tx for C.difficile?

A

Clindamycin

100
Q

What is the tx for isolate systolic HTN?

A

Thiazides diuretics and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers in non-diabetic patients
ACE-I and ARBs used in diabetics

101
Q

What is the first line medication for essential HTN.

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

102
Q

Why does infusion of epi cause a decrease in insulin release?

A

Because it’s hitting both alpha and beta
Alpha - inhibits insulin release
Beta stimulates insulin release

103
Q

What is the tx for arsenic poisoning?

A

Dimercaprol - displaces arsenic ions from the sulfhydryl groups

104
Q

What is the tx for acute lead and mercury poisoning?

A

CaNaEDTA - forms mono,di, trivalent ions

105
Q

What is the tx for RCC?

A

Aldesleukin - IL2

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