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Mnemonics Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of Bell’s Palsy

“ALexander Bell with STD”

A 
AIDs
Lyme Disease
Sarcoid
Tumor
Diabetes
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2
Q

Horner’s Syndrome Sx

“PAM is horny”

A

Ptosis
Anhidrosis
Miosis
*Pancoast tumor

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3
Q

Modifiable Stroke RF

“live the way a COACH SHoulDD”

A 
CAD
Obesity
AFib
Carotid stenosis
Hypercholesterolemia
Smoking
HTN
Diabetes
Drug use (cocaine, IV drugs)
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4
Q

Non-modifiable Stroke RF

“FAME”

A

Family hx of stroke or MI
Age >60
Male
Ethnicity (AA, Hispanic, Asian)

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5
Q

4 Deadly D’s of Posterior Circulation Strokes

A

Diplopia
Dizziness
Dysphagia
Dysarthria

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6
Q

MCA stroke can cause CHANGes

A 
Contralateral paresis & sensory loss in face & arm
Homonymous hemiopsia
Aphasia (dominant)
Neglect (dominant)
Gaze preference toward side of lesion
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7
Q

Contraindications to tPA therapy

“SAMPLE STAGES”

A 
Stroke or head trauma w/in 3mo
Antigcoagulation w/ INR >1.7 or prolonged PTT
MI (recent)
Prior intracranial hemorrhage
Low platelet count
Elevated BP (>185/>110)
Surgery in past 14 days
TIA
Age 400 or <50 glucose
Seizures present at onset of stroke
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8
Q

Conditions associated with berry aneurysms that can MAKE an SAH more likely

A 
Marfan's synd
Aortic coarctation
Kidney dz (ADPKD)
Ehlers-Danlos synd
Sickle Cell anemia
Athersclerosis
History (familial)
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9
Q

BPPV

A

Benign- otolith
Paroxysmal- sudden, temporary epidsodes <1 min
Positional- triggered by turning in a bed or reaching overhead
Vertigo- dizziness

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10
Q

Charcot’s Triad for MS

A

Scanning speech
Intranuclear ophthalmoplegia
Nystagmus

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11
Q

5 A’s of GBS

A 
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy 
Ascending paralysis
Autonomic neuropathy
Arrhythmia
Albuminocytologic dissociation
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12
Q

3 W’s of NPH

A

Wet (incontinence)
Wobbly (apraxia)
Wacky (Dementia)

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13
Q

There are 4 PaRTS to Parkinson’s

A

Postural instability (stooped)
Rigidity (cogwheel)
Tremor (pill rolling)
Slowed movements (Bradykinesia/festinating gait)

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14
Q

Mets to Brain

“Lung and Skin Go to the BRain”

A 
Lung
Skin
GI
Breast
Renal
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15
Q

Adult Brain Tumors

“MGM Studios”

A

Metastasis
Glioblastoma multiform
Meningioma
Schwannoma

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16
Q

Pediatric Brain Tumors

“Animal kingdom, Magic Kingdom, Epicot”

A

Astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma
Eppendymoma

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17
Q

Dx criteria for NF Type 1

“COFFINS”

A 
Cafe-au-lait spots
Optic glioma
Freckling
Familial history
Iris hamartomas
Neurofibromas
Skeletal lesions
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18
Q

Thyroid neoplasms: the most Popular is Pappilary

A 
Papillae (branching)
Palpable LN
Pupil nuclei (Orphan Annie nuclei)
Psammoma bodies
Positive Prognosis
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19
Q

Pheochromocytoma rule of 10’s

A 
10% extra-adrenal
10% bilateral
10% malignant
10% occur in children
10% familial
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20
Q

6 P’s of Pheochromocytoma

A 
Paroxysmal HTN
Pounding HA
Profuse perspiration 
Palpitations
Pallor 
Panic
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21
Q

Triad of Hyperaldosteronism (Conn Synd)

A

Hypokalemia
Metabolic Alkalosis
HTN

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22
Q

Causes of Eosinophlia

“DNAAACP”

A 
Drugs
Neoplasm
Allergic (Allergies, Asthma, Churg Strauss)
Addisons dz
AIN
Collagen vascular dz
Parasitic infection
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23
Q

3 P’s of MEN 1

A

Pituitary
Parathyroid adenoma
Pancreas

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24
Q

1 M & 2 P’s of MEN 2a

A

Medullary thyroid cancer
Peochromocytoma
Parathyroid hyperplasia

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25
Q

2M’s & 1 P of MEN 2b

A

Medularry thyroid cancer
Mucosal neuromas
Peochromocytoma

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26
Q

4 A’s of Dementia

A

Amnesia
Aphasia
Apraxia
Agnosia

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27
Q

SIG E CAPS

A 
Sleep
Interest
Guilt
Energy decreased
Concentration
Appetite
Psychomotor agitation/retardation
Suicidal ideation
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28
Q

TCA toxicity

“Tri-C’s”

A

Convulsions
Coma
Cardiac arrhymthmias

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29
Q

Symptoms of Mania

“DIG FAST”

A 
Distractablity
Insomnia
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas
Sexual activity increased
Talkativeness/pressured speech
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30
Q

Evolution of EPS

“4 and A”

A

4 hours: Acute dystonia
4 Days: Akinesia
4 Weeks: Akathisia
4 Months: Tardive dyskinesia

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31
Q

Suicide Risks

“SAD PERSONS”

A 
Sex (male)
Age (older)
Depression
Previous attempt
Ethanol/substance abuse
Rational thought
Sickness
Organized plan/access to weapons
No spouse
Social support lacking
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32
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale

“4 eyes, Jackson 5, V6 engine”

A

Eyes: None, to pain, to command, spontaneous
Verbal: None, incomprehensible, inappropriate words, confused speech, oriented
Motor: none, extension, flexion, w/d to pain, localizes to pain, follows commands

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33
Q

What GSC score do you intubate?

A

GSC <8= Intubate!

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34
Q

Causes of PEA

“5 H’s & 5 T’s”

A 
Hypovolemia
Hypoxia
H+ ions (acidosis)
Hyper/hypo K+
Hypothermia
Tablets
Tamponade: Cardiac
Tension pneumothorax
Thrombosis: Coronary
Thrombosis: Pulmonary embolism
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35
Q

Rule of 9’s for % BSA

A

Head and each arm= 9%
Back and chest each= 18%
each leg= 18%
Perineum= 1%

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36
Q

7 W’s of Postop fever

A 
Wind: Atelectastis, pneumonia
Water: UTI
Wounds: infections, abscess
Walking: DVT
Wonder drugs: reaction
Womb: endometritis 
Wein: Thrombophlebitits
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37
Q

Afib management

“ABCD”

A

Anticoagulate
BBlocker
Cardiovert/CCB
Digoxin

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38
Q

Causes of acute Afib

“PIRATES”

A 
Pulmonary dz
Ischemia
Rheumatic heart dz
Anemia/Atrial myxoma
Thyrotoxicosis
Ethanol
Sepsis
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39
Q

Acute CHF management

“LMNOP”

A 
Lasix
Morphine
Nitrates
Oxygen
Position (upright & legs hanging over bed)
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40
Q

SE of Thiazide diuretics

“hyperGLUC”

A

hyperGlycemia
hyperLipidemia
hyperUricemia
hyperCalcemia

Hypokalemic meta alkalosis & hyponatremia

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41
Q

Treatment for STEMI

“MONA”

A

Morphine
Oxygen
Nitrates
ASA

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42
Q

Indications for CABG are UnLimiTeD

A

Unable to perform PCI (diffuse dz)
Left main coronary artery dz
Triple-vessel dz
Depressed ventricular function

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43
Q

Causes of secondary HTN

“CHAPS”

A 
Cushing synd
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's synd)
Aortic coarctation
Peochromocytoma 
Stenosis of renal artery
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44
Q

Beck’s Triad of Cardiac Tamponade

A

Muffled heart sounds
JVD
HOTN

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45
Q

Virchow’s Triad

A

Endothelial damage
Hypercoagable states
Venous stasis

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46
Q

6 P’s of acute ischemia

A 
Pain
Pallor
Paralysis
Pulseless
Parathesias
Poikilothermia
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47
Q

Chest pain ddx

“CHEST PAIN”

A 
Cocaine/costochondritis
Hyperventilation/herpes zoster
Esophagitis/esophageal spasm
Stenosis of aorta
Trauma
PE/Peumonia/Pericarditis/Pancreatitis
Angina/Aortic dissection/Aortic aneurysm
Infarction
Neuropschiartric dz
48
Q

Chagas = Mega Dz

A

Cardiomegaly
Megaesophagus
Megacolon

49
Q

Major criteria for Rheumatic heart dz

“JONES”

A 
Joints (polyarthritis, hot/swollen)
Heart (pancarditis, valve damage)
Nodules (subcutaneous, extensor surfaces)
Erythema marginatum (painless rash)
Sydenham chorea
50
Q

Minor criteria for Rheumatic heart dz

“PEACE”

A 
Previous rheumatic fever
EKG with PR prolongation
Arthralgias
CRP & ESR elevated
Elevated temp
51
Q

Neg-culture endocarditis result from HACEK bacteria

A 
Haemophilus
Actinobacillus
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Kingella
52
Q

Signs of bacterial endocarditis

“FROM JANE”

A 
Fever
Roth spots
Oslers nodes
Murmur
Janeway lesions
Anemia
Nail bed hemorrhages (splinter)
Emboli
53
Q

“Hypertensive Mothers Love Nifedipine”

A

Hydralazine
Methyldopa
Labetalol
Nifedipine

54
Q

Cyanotic heart Dz 5T’s

A 
Truncus arteriosus
Transposition of great vessels
Tricuspid atresia
Tetralogy of Fallot
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
55
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot characteristics

“PROVe”

A

Pulmonary stenosis
RVH
Overriding aorta
VSD

56
Q

Obstructive pulmonary disease

“ABCT”

A

Asthma
Brochiectasis
Cystic fibrosis/COPD
Tracheal or bronchial obstruction

57
Q

Meds for asthma exacerbations

“ASTHMA”

A 
Albuterol
Steroids
Theophylline (rare)
Humidified O2
Magneisum (severe)
Anticholingerics
58
Q

Treatment for COPD

“COPD”

A

Corticosteroids
Oxygen
Prevention (smoking cessation, pneumococcal & flu vaccine)
Dilators (B2-agonists, anticholinergics)

59
Q

Features of sarcoid can be “GRUELING”

A 
Granulomas (noncaseating)
aRthritis
Uveitis
Erythema nodosum
Lymphadenopathy
Interstitial fibrosis
Negative TB test
Gammaglobulienmia
60
Q

“ARDS”

A

Acute onset

Ratio (Pao2/Fio2) 18mmHg

61
Q

Anterior mediastinal mass ddx

“4 T’s”

A

Thymoma
Teratoma
Thyroid neoplasm
Terrible lymphoma

62
Q

Multidrug treatment for TB

“RIPE”

A

Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

63
Q

Common Causes of Pneumothorax

“A CHEST IN”

A 
Asthma
Cystic fibrosis
HIV
Emphysema
Spontaneous Trauma
Iatrogenic
Neoplasm
64
Q

4 S’s of croup

A

Seal-bark cough
Subglottic swelling
Stridor
Steeple sign

65
Q

Plummer-Vinson synd

A

Esophageal webs
Glossitis
Iron def anemia

66
Q

4 D’s of Pellegra (Niacin def)

A

Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Death

67
Q

Charcot’s triad for Acute cholangitis

A

RUQ pain
Jaundice
Fever/chills

68
Q

Reynolds’ pentad for Acute cholangitis

A 
RUQ pain
Jaundice
Fever/chills
Shock
AMS
69
Q

HLA-B2 Seronegative Arthropathies

“PAIR”

A

Psoariatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
IBD
Reiter synd (Reactive arthritis)

70
Q

RLQ ABD pain

“APPENDICITIS”

A 
Appendicitis
PID
Pancreatitis
Endometriosis or ectopic pregnancy
Neoplasm
Diverticulitis
Intusseception
Crohn's dz
IBS
Torsion
IBD
Stones
71
Q

Causes of Acute Pancreatitis

“BAD HITS”

A 
Biliary obstruction
Alcohol
Drugs
Hypercalcemia/Hypertrigyleridemia
Idipathic
Trauma
Scorpion stings
72
Q

Ranson Critera for increased mortality from acute pancreatitis on admission
“GA LAW”

A 
Glcuose >200
AST >250
LDH>350
Age >55
WBC >16,000
73
Q

Ranson Critera for increased mortality from acute pancreatitis 48hr after admission
“Calvin & HOBBeS”

A

Calcium 10%
Pao2 5
Base deficit >4
Fluid sequestration >6L

74
Q

Causes of increased Erythropietin

“Potentially Really High Hct”

A

Pheochromocytoma
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hemangioblastoma

75
Q

Meckel diverticulum rule of 2’s

A 
2x MC in males
2ft from ileocecal valve
2 inches long
2 types of ectopic tissue (gastric, pancreatic)
2% of pop
<2 years of age
76
Q

Hypernatremia causes

6 D’s

A 
Diuresis
Dehydration
Diabetes insipidus
Docs
Diarrhea
Disease (sickle cell, kidney)
77
Q

Treatment of hyperkalemia

“C BIG K”

A 
Calcium gluconate/chloride
Bicarbonate
Insulin
Glucose
Kayexalate

*BBlockers, Loops & dialysis help

78
Q

Causes of hypercalcemia

“CHIMPANZEES”

A 
Calcium supplmentation
Hyperparathyroidism/Hyperthyroidism
Iatrogenic (thiazides, TPN)/Immobility (esp ICU)
Milk-alkali synd
Paget's dz
Adrenal inusfficeny/Acromegaly
Neoplasm
Zollinger-Ellison synd (MEN 1)
Excess vit A
Excess vit C
Sarcoidosis & other granulomatous dz
79
Q

Anion-gap causes of RTA

“MUDPILES”

A 
Methanol: Fomepizole
Uremia: dialysis
Paraldehyde, Phenformin
Iron, INH: GI lavage, charcoal (INH)
Lactic acidosis
Ethelyne glycol : Fomepizole
Salicylates: alkalinize urine
80
Q

Indications for urgent dialysis

“AEIOU”

A

Acidosis
Electrolyte abn (hyperkalemia)
Ingestions (salicylates, theophylline, methanol, barbituates, lithium, ethylene glycol)
Overload (fluid)
Uremic sx (pericardits, encephalopathy, bleeding, nausea, pruritis, myoclonus)

81
Q

Nephritic synd findings

“PHAROH”

A 
Proteinuria <1.5g/day
Hematuria (tea or cola-colored)
Azotemia
RBC casts
Oliguira
HTN
82
Q

Ddx for Hematuria

“I PEE RBCS”

A 
Infection (UTI)
Polycystic kidney dz
Exercise
External trauma
Renal glomerular dz
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Cancer
Stones
83
Q

“Eradicate Ball Cancer”

A

Etopiside
Bleomycin
Cisplatin

84
Q

Causes of DIC

“STOP Making Thrombi”

A 
Sepsis
Trauma
OB complications
Pancreatitis
Malignancy
Transfustions
85
Q

Symptoms of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Pupura (TTP)

“Nasty Fever Torched His Kidneys”

A 
Neuro deficits (delirium, seizure, stroke)
Fever
Thrombocytopenia
Hemolytic anemia
Kidney failure
86
Q

DDx of Thrombocytopenia

“HIT SHOC”

A 
HIT or HUS
ITP
TTP or treatment 
Splenomegaly
Hereditary (Wiskott-Aldrich synd)
Other (malignacy, HIV, HCV, SLE)
Chemotherapy
87
Q

Causes of Microcytic anemia

“TICS”

A

Thalassemia
Iron def
Chronic dz
Sideroblastic anemia

88
Q

Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma

“CRAB”

A

Calcium high
Renal impairment
Anemia
Bones (pain, lytic lesions, fractures)

89
Q

Felty’s Syndrome Triad

A

RA
Neutropenia
Splenomegaly

90
Q

CREST Syndrome

A 
Calcinosis
Raynaud's phenomenon
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasias
91
Q

Criteria for SLE

“DOPAMINE RASH”

A 
Discoid rash
Oral ulcers
Photosensitivity
Arthritis
Malar rash
Immunologic criteria
Neuro sx (lupus cerebrits, seizures)
Elevated ESR
Renal dz
ANA+, Anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm Ab 
Serositis (pleural or pericardial effusion)
Hematologic ABN
92
Q

Anti-histone Ab’s in Drug induced lupus

“SHIPP”

A

Sulfonamides
Hydralazine
Phenytoin
Procainamide

93
Q

Lichen Planus P Disease

A 
Planar 
Purple
Pruritic
Persistent
Polygonal
Penile
Perioral
Puzzling
Koebner's Phenomenon
94
Q

Causes of Erythema Nodosum

“SPUD BITS”

A 
Strep infection
Pregnancy
Unknown
Drugs
Behchets dz
IBD
TB
Sarcoidosis
95
Q

TORCHeS pathogens

A 
Toxoplasmosis
Other (Parvovirus, varicella, Listeria, TB, malaria, fungi)
Rubella
CMV
HSV
HIV
Syphillis
96
Q

Hutchinson’s triad for congenital syphillis

A

Peg-shaped central incisors
Deafness
Interstitial keratitis

97
Q

Intrapartum fetal heart rate monitor

“VEAL CHOP”

A

Variable Compression of cord/oligohydraminos
Early Head compression
Accelerations Okay (normal O2)
Late Placental insufficiency

98
Q

When performing a BPP, remember to

“Test the Baby, MAN”

A 
Fetal Tone
Fetal Breathing
Fetal Movements
Amniotic fluid volume
Nonstress test
99
Q

Triad of preclampsia

“It’s not just HyPE”

A

HTN
Proteinuria
Edema

100
Q

HELLP synd

A

Hemolysis
Elevated LFT’s
Low Platelets

101
Q

Characterization of genital ulcers

“Some Girls Love Licorice but Fellows Hate Candy”

A 
Syphillis
Granuloma inginale
Lymphogranuloma venereum
painLess
PainFul:
Herpes simplex
Chancroid
102
Q

DiGeorge Synd

“CATCH 22’

A 
Cardiac ABN (transposition)
ABN facies
Thymic aplasia
Cleft palate
Hypocalceia
22q11 deletion
103
Q

Triad of Intussusception

A

ABD pain
Vomiting
Blood mucus in stool (currant jelly stool)

104
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich synd

“WIPE”

A

Wiskott-Aldrich
Infections w/ encapsulated org
Pupura (thrombocytopenic)
Eczema

105
Q

Job’s synd

“FATED”

A 
coarse Facies
Abscesses (S aureus)
tetained primary Teeth
hyper-IgE (eosinophilia)
Dermatoligic (severe eczema)
106
Q

Kawasaki dz sx

“CRASH and BURN”

A 
Conjuctivitis
Rash
Adenopathy (unilateral)
Strawberry tongue
Hands and feet (red, swollen, flaky skin)
BURN (fever >40C [104F] for >5 days)
107
Q

Measles (Robeola Pararmyxovirus)

“3 C’s”

A

Cough
Coryza
Conjuctivitis
*Koplik spots

108
Q

APGAR

A

Appearance (blue/pale, pink trunk, all pink)
Pulse (0, 100)
Grimace with stim (0, grimace, grimace & cough)
Activity (limp, some, active)
Respiratory effort (0, irregular, regular)

109
Q

VACTERL Anomalies

A 
Vertebral
Anal
Cardiac
Tracheal
Esophageal
Renal
Limb
110
Q

Beckwith-Wiedemann synd

A 
Hemihypertrophy
Macroglossia
Viseromegaly
Wilm's tumor
Chr11p15
111
Q

WAGR synd

A

Wilm’s tumor
Aniridia
Genitourinary ABN
mental Retardation

112
Q

Parder-Willi vs Angelmann synd

“POP and MAMA”

A

Prader-Willi
Overeating
Paternal allele

Maternal allele
Angelmann
Mood (happy)
Animated puppet-like movements

113
Q

Lemierre’s synd

A

Thrombophlenitis of the jugular vein d/t Fusobacterium, an oral anerobe

114
Q

Lady Windermere synd

A

Primary pulmonary form of Mycobacterium avium complex in apparently healthy nonsmokers

115
Q

“VDRL” false +

A

Viruses (EBv, HSV, HIV, hepatitis)
Drugs/IV drug use
Rheumatic fever/Rheumatoid arthritis
Leprosy/SLE

116
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

A

Treatment of syphillis can result in an acute flu-like illness

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