Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Boards > Psych Pharm > Flashcards

Psych Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the preferred drug for alcohol withdrawal?

A

Benzodiazepines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the preferred treatment for anxiety?

A

SSRIs, SNRIs, buspirone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the preferred treatment for ADHD?

A

Methylphenidate
Amphetamines
Atomoxetine (non-stimulant: NE selective reuptake inhibitor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the preferred drug for bipolar disorder?

A

Lithium
Valproate
Carbamazepine
Atypical antipsychotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the preferred drug for bulimia?

A

SSRIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the preferred drug for depression?

A

SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, buspirone, mirtazapine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the preferred drug for obsessive compulsive disorder?

A

SSRIs, clomipramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the preferred drug for panic disorder?

A

SSRIs, venlafaxine, benzodiazepines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the preferred drug for PTSD?

A

SSRIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the preferred drug for schizophrenia?

A

Antipsychotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the preferred drug for social phobias?

A

SSRIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the preferred drug for Tourette’s?

A

Antipsychotics - haloperidol, risperidone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the CNS stimulants?

A

Methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, meth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the MOA of CNS stimulants?

A

Increase catecholamines at the synaptic cleft, especially NE and DA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the clinical use of CNS stimulants?

A

ADHD, narcolepsy, appetite control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the antipsychotics?

A

Haloperidol, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, thioridazine, chlorpromazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the MOA of antipsychotic?

A

Block D2 receptors (inc. camp)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the high potency antipsychotics?

A

Trifluoperazine
Fluphenazine
Haloperidol
These have extra pyramidal effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the clinical use of antipsychotics?

A

Schizophrenia
Psychosis
Acute mania
Tourette’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the low potency antipsychotics?

A

Chlorpromazine
Thioridazine
These cause anticholinergic, antihistamine and alpha 1 blockade effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the toxicity of antipsychotics?

A

Slow to be removed from body because lipid soluble.
Extrapyramidal effects - dyskinesia, dystopia, Parkinsonian effects
Endocrine: hyperprolactinemia, galactorrhea
Antimuscarinic: dry mouth, constipation
AntiHistamine receptors: sedation
Neuroepileptic malignant syndrome
Tardive dyskinesia
Alpha 1 blockade: hypotension, vasodilation – reflex tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is neuroepileptic malignant syndrome?

A

Rigidity, myoglobinuria, autonomic instability, hyperprexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the treatment for neuroepileptic malignant syndrome?

A

Dantrolene

d2 agonist - bromocriptine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is tardive dyskinesia?

A

Stereotypic oral-facial movements as a result of long term antipsychotic use
Often irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the acronym for remembering what happens with NMS?
``` Fever Encephalopathy Vitals unstable Elevated enzymes Rigidity of muscles ```
26
What are the atypical antipsychotics?
``` Olanzapine Clozapine Quetiapine Risperidone Aripiprazole Ziprasidone ```
27
What is the MOA of atypical antipsychotics?
Varied effects on 5-HT, dopamine, alpha, and histamine receptors
28
What is the clinical use of atypical antipsychotics?
``` Schizophrenia Bipolar OCD Anxiety Depression Mania Tourette's ```
29
What is the toxicity of olanzapine?
Weight gain
30
What is the toxicity of clozapine?
Weight gain Agranulocytosis Seizure
31
What is the toxicity of ziprasidone?
Prolonged QT interval
32
What is the MOA of lithium?
Inhibitor of phosphoinositol cascade? | MOA unclear
33
What is the clinical use of lithium?
Bipolar disorder | Blocks relapse and acute mania events and SIADH
34
What is the toxicity of lithium?
``` LMNOP: Movement (tremor). Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus HypOthyroidism Pregnancy problems (teratogenicity) ```
35
Where is the lithium excreted?
In the kidney | Mostly reabsorbed at the PCT
36
What is the MOA of buspirone?
Stimulates 5HT1A receptors
37
What is the clinical use of buspirone?
Generalized anxiety disorder 1-2 weeks to take effect Does not interact with alcohol
38
What is the advantage of buspirone?
Does not cause Sedation, addiction, tolerance
39
What are the SSRIs?
Fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram
40
What is the clinical use of SSRIs?
``` Depression Bulimia Anxiety disorder Panic disorder OCD Social phobias PTSD ```
41
What is the toxicity of SSRIs?
GI Sexual dysfunction Serotonin syndrome
42
What is serotonin syndrome?
Hyperthermia, confusion, myoclonus, CV collapse, flushing, diarrhea, seizures
43
What it the tx for serotonin syndrome?
Cyproheptadine - 5HT2 receptor antagonist
44
What are the SNRIs?
Venlafaxine | Duloxetine
45
What is the MOA of SNRIs?
Inhibit serotonin and NE uptake
46
What is the clinical use of SNRIs?
Depression
47
What is the clinical use of venlafaxine?
Generalized anxiety and panic disorder
48
What is the clinical use of duloxetine?
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy | Has greater effect of NE
49
What is the toxicity of SNRIs?
elevated BP Sedation Nausea Stimulant effects
50
What are the TCAs?
Amitryptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, doxepin, clomipramine, amoxapine
51
What is the MOA of TCAs?
Block reuptake of NE and serotonin
52
What is the clinical use of TCAs?
Major depression Bed wetting (imipramine) OCD (clomipramine) Fibromyalgia
53
What is the toxicity of TCAs?
``` Sedation Alpha 1 blockade effects Anticholinergic effects Convulsions Coma Cardio toxicity Respiratory depression Hyperprexia In elderly: hallucinations, confusion ```
54
What is the treatment for cardio toxicity from TCA?
NaHCO3
55
What are the MAOi's?
Tranylcypromine Phenelzine Isocarboxazid Selegiline
56
What is the MOA of MAOi's?
Nonselective MAO inhibition | Increase amine NTs (NE, serotonin, dopamine)
57
What is the clinical use of MAOi's?
Atypical depression Anxiety Hypochondriasis
58
What is the toxicity of MAOi's?
Hypertensive crisis | CNS stimulation
59
What is contraindicated with the use of MAOi's?
``` SSRIS TCAS St. John's Wort Meperidine Dextromethorphan ```
60
What are the atypical antidepressants?
Bupropion Mirtazapine Maprotiline Trazodone
61
What is trazadone used for?
Insomnia
62
What is the MOA of trazadone?
Primarily inhibits serotonin reuptake
63
What is the toxicity of trazadone?
Sedation Nausea Priapism Postural hypotension
64
What is the MOA of maprotiline?
Blocks NE reuptake
65
What is the toxicity of maprotiline?
Sedation | Ortho static hypotension
66
What is the MOA of mirtazapine?
Alpha 2 antagonist, potent 5-HT2/3 receptor antagonist
67
What is the toxicity of mirtazapine?
Sedation Increased appetite Weight gain Dry mouth
68
What is the MOA of bupropion?
Increases NE and DA
69
What is the toxicity of bupropion?
Tachycardia Insomnia Headache Seizure
70
What is bupropion used for?
Smokin cessation
71
What is the advantage of bupropion?
No sexual side effects
72
What is the MOA of memantine?
Uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist | Competes with Mg2+ after calcium influx thereby preventing over excitation
73
What is the toxicity of memantine?
Dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, constipation, H/A
74
What is the treatment of choice for Alzheimer's?
Anti-acetylcholinesterases
75
What are the anti-acetylcholinesterases?
Donezapil Galantamine Rivastigmine
76
What is the disadvantage to using rivastigmine?
It also inhibits butyrylcholinesterase thereby inhibiting the breakdown of succinylcholine and giving it longer duration of action. Patients on this drug can't go under surgery.
77
What are the side effects of anti-AchEs?
Diarrhea, incontinence, N/V, dizziness, insomnia, miosis
78
What anti-AchE treats all forms of Alzheimer's?
Donezapil
79
What is the toxicity of tacrine?
Liver toxicity
80
When are galantamine and rivastigmine used?
In mild to moderate Alzheimer's
81
What is the tx for Lewy Body disease?
Low dose anti-AchE and Parkinson drugs
82
What do all anti-psychotics do?
Block dopamine receptors
83
Where are the dopamine tracts in the brain?
Ventral tegmental area --> nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex Substantia nigra --> striatum Hypothalamus --> pituitary Medulla
84
What are the effects of dopamine?
Euphoria, psychosis, reinforcement Voluntary motor activity Prolactinemia Eating, hiccups, vom
85
Why do schizophrenics get negative symptoms?
From decrease DA in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex
86
What accounts for the positive sx in schizophrenia?
Excess dopamine in the Mesolimbic system
87
What drugs can cause psychotic episodes in normal individuals?
Dopaminergic agonists: Amphetamines PCP Cocaine
88
What do the typical antipsychotics do?
Block DA receptors, especially D2 | These are usually messy and also block histamine, muscarinic and cholinergic receptors --> lots of side effects
89
What are the general effects of antipsychotics?
Control bizarre behavior and calm agitation, impulsivity, aggression Improve the core thought disorders Tx: Tourette's, hiccups, and nausea
90
What are the typical psychotics?
Phenothiazines: chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, promethazine Butyrophenomes: haloperidol
91
What is the prototype typical antipsychotic?
Chlorpromazine
92
What are the side effects of chlorpromazine?
Urinary retention, dry mouth - from anti muscarinic effects | Ortho static hypotension - from alpha blockade
93
What is the risk of taking haloperidol?
Cleaner D2 antagonist so it causes more extra pyramidal side effects: dystonias, Parkinsonism, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
94
What is the tx for the extrapyramidal side effects of haloperidol?
Reduce the dose of the antipsychotic | Give anticholinergics
95
What is the tx of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Stop antipsych and anticholinergics! Give antipyretic Give DA agonist
96
What are the general side effects of antipsychotics?
``` Dysphoria, hyperprolactinemia: galactorrhea, gynecomastia, menstrual disturbances Impotence Sexual dysfunction Poikilothermia Weight gain Hypotension ```
97
What is the major long term side effect of antipsychotics?
Tardive dyskinesia
98
What is the tx for tardive dyskinesia?
Decrease the dose of anti-psychotics --> will get worse initially but then it will be ok
99
What are the atypical antipsychotics?
``` Olanzapine Clozapine Quetiapine Risperidone Aripiprazole ```
100
What is the advantage of atypical antipsychotics?
Greater efficacy for negative sx | Less likely to cause tardive dyskinesia
101
What are the side effects of olanzapine?
Weight gain Somnolence Type II diabetes
102
What is the MOA of atypical antipsychotics?
Block DA receptors and 5HT2 receptors
103
What is the FDA warning against atypical antipsychotics?
They cause hyperglycemia, type II diabetes
104
What atypical antipsychotic is more efficacious than other antipsychotics?
Clozapine
105
What are the advantages to clozapine?
Better efficacy | No extrapyramidal side effects
106
What is the major side effect of clozapine?
Agranulocytosis
107
What are the other side effects of clozapine?
Strong Sedation Anticholinergic effects: urinary retention Hypotension
108
What is the most prescribed atypical antipsychotic?
Quetiapine
109
What other disorder is quetiapine used for?
Bipolar disorder
110
Why do you give quetiapine at night?
Because it is slightly more sedative
111
What is the disadvantage of risperidone?
It has a higher affinity for D2 receptors so it is more likely to cause tardive dyskinesia and extrapyramidal sx
112
What are the side effects of risperidone?
``` Anxiety Somnolence Extrapyramidal sx Dizziness Type II diabetes ```
113
What is the MOA of aripiprazole?
Partial DA agonist and partial 5HT1 agonist | 5HT2 antagonist.
114
What is the aripiprazole?
Used for depression and schizophrenia
115
What are the advantages of aripiprazole?
Causes less weight gain than olanzapine No incidence of Type II diabetes And can be used for schizophrenia and depression
116
How can aripiprazole be used for schizophrenia when it's a dopamine agonist?
As a weak partial agonist it inhibits the full agonist
117
What drugs may cause depression by lowering bio genic amines?
``` Reserpine Propranolol Methyldopa and clonidine Amphetamines OCs Drugs of abuse ```
118
What is the MOA of TCAs?
Block mono amine reuptake with more effect on 5HT | Down regulate norepinephrine and/or 5HT receptor
119
What are the side effects of TCAs?
``` Anti muscarinic: blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, confusion Weight gain Sexual disturbance Tremor Insomnia Ortho static hypotension Arrhythmias ```
120
What is the danger of TCAs?
Patients OD easily
121
What other conditions are TCAs used for?
Chronic pain and panic disorder
122
What's the drug of choice for chronic pain?
Amitryptiline
123
Which TCA has the most sedative and strongest anti muscarinic side effects?
Amitryptiline
124
What are the TCAs?
All the -pramines, amitryptiline, nortriptyline, doxepin, protripyline
125
What are the second generation antidepressants?
``` Venlafaxine Bupropion Trazadone Duloxetine Mirtazapine ```
126
What is the MOA of venlafaxine?
SSNRI a selective serotonin and NE reuptake inhibitor | More potent at 5ht
127
What are the side effects of venlafaxine?
HTN | Tachycardia
128
What are th disadvantages of venlafaxine compared to SSRIs?
More intense withdrawal | Greater toxicity in OD
129
What second generation is used for physical pain symptoms of depression and diabetic neuropathic pain?
Duloxetine
130
What is the MOA of bupropion?
Occupies 25% of DA uptake sites
131
What is the advantage of bupropion?
Causes little to no sexual dysfunction
132
What is bupropion used for?
Smoking cessation
133
What is the contraindication to using bupropion?
Seizure disorder
134
What is the MOA of trazadone?
5HT-2 antagonist | Weak selective 5HT reuptake inhibitor
135
What are the side effects of trazodone.?
Priapism | Sedation
136
What is the advantage to trazodone?
Less toxic in OD
137
What is the MOA of mirtazapine?
Selective stimulation of 5Ht1 receptors due to blockade of 5HT2/3 Increase 5HT cell firing due to increase in NE and blockade of alpha2 adrenergic receptors.
138
What are the side effects of mirtazapine?
Significant sedation Increased appetite Weight gain
139
Why are SSRIs the first choice for depression?
Much safer in OD
140
What is another advantage of SSRIs?
Little action at other receptors so little side effects | Longer half life
141
What is the most common side effect of SSRIs?
Sexual dysfunction
142
What is discontinuation syndrome?
Flu like syndrome from stopping SSRIs abruptly Most pronounced with paroxetine Sx: agitation, anxiety, anorexia, insomnia, sweating, tremor, vom
143
Why don't you ever give an SSRIS with an MAOi?
Can cause serotonin syndrome
144
What are the sx of serotonin syndrome?
Altered mental status, fever, agitation, sweating, myoclonus, tremor, hyperprexia, ataxia, GI
145
What are the SSRIs?
``` Fluoxetine Sertraline Paroxetine Citalopram Fluvoxamine ```
146
Which SSRI has the longest half life?
Fluoxetine
147
What are the side effects of fluoxetine?
``` Nausea Insomnia Weight loss Agitation Sexual dysfunction ```
148
Which SSRIs have the potential for drug interactions because they inhibit CYP2D6?
Fluoxetine | Paroxetine
149
Which SSRI is most likely to cause a discontinuation syndrome?
Paroxetine
150
Which SSRI is most likely to cause GI upset as a side effect?
Sertraline
151
Which SSRI causes the most sexual dysfunction?
Paroxetine
152
Which SSRI is less likely to produce mania?
Citalopram
153
What disorder is fluvoxamine usually prescribed for?
Obsessive compulsive disorder
154
Which SSRI is the most selective?
Citalopram
155
What is the mechanism of action of MAOi's?
Block the deamination of tyramine which results in increased norepinephrine release and therefore a deadly increase in bp
156
What foods contain tyramine?
``` Aged cheese Wine Beer Pickled herring Liver Yeast extract Fava beans ```
157
What are the MAOi's?
Phenelzine | Tranylcypromine
158
Which MAOi is irreversible?
Phenelzine
159
What are antipsychotics useful for in the treatment of bipolar disorder?
Acute mania Not good for depressive episodes Use for rapid correction of a manic episode then add a mood stabilizer
160
What is the tx for lithium OD?
Dialysis
161
What are the side effects of lithium?
``` Most common = tremor Decreased thyroid fxn Mild cognitive impairment Acne eruptions Leukocytosis Polydipsia/polyuria Chronic interstitial nephritis Minimal change glomerulopathy GI Edema Weight gain ```
162
What condition is a contraindication to using lithium?
Sick sinus syndrome because lithium suppresses the sinus node
163
Why do patients get polydipsia/polyuria on lithium?
Lithium makes the collecting tubule unresponsive to ADH
164
What is the MOA of lithium?
Substitutes for Na in generating action potentials and in the Na/K pump (causes seizures) Also decreased PIP2 therefore decreasing the responsiveness to synaptic transmission (decreased calcium influx)
165
Is lithium contraindicated in pregnancy?
N
166
What is th leading cause of death in bipolar disorder if left untreated?
Suicide
167
How long does it take before lithium effects are seen?
2-3 weeks
168
What can cause the concentration of lithium to go up in the body?
NSAIDs | Diuretics
169
What are the mood stabilizing drugs?
``` Lithium Valproate Lamotrigine Carbamazepine Oxycarbazepine ```
170
What is the advantage to using valproate over lithium?
Faster onset (4-5 days)
171
What are the side effects of valproate?
``` GI upset Hepatotoxicity Neural tube defects Alopecia Increases appetite and weight gain ```
172
What is the MOA of carbamazepine?
Blocking of voltage gated sodium channels
173
What are the side effects of carbamazepine?
``` Agranulocytosis -stop if you see a rash Diplopia Ataxia GI upset Sedation Weight gain ```
174
What is lamotrigine not effective for?
Acute mania
175
What is the MOA of lamotrigine?
Blocks sodium and calcium channels
176
What is the side effect of lamotrigine?
Steven-Johnson syndrome | Raise levels very slowly
177
When are atypical antipsychotics or benzodiazepines used?
During an acute manic episode
178
What are the first choice drugs for treating anxiety?
SSRI Venlafaxine TCAs
179
Why are these the first drugs of choice for anxiety?
Because they have no potential for abuse/dependence
180
What is the timing of onset for the first choice drugs for anxiety?
Slow - 2-4 weeks which is considered a negative for the patient
181
How many subunits make up the GABA receptor complex?
5
182
Which unit binds GABA?
Alpha
183
What is the binding site for BZD?
Alpha/beta
184
What subunit must be present for BZDs to modulate GABA?
Gamma
185
What happens when GABA binds the receptor complex?
The channel opens up to chloride ions causing the cell to become more negative inside making it harder to depolarize - decreased neural firing
186
What is the endpoint of the using the GABA receptor?
Coma and death
187
What do inverse agonists of BZDs do?
They decrease chloride conductance by inhibiting GABA in a non-competitive way
188
What are the overall effects of BZDs?
``` Anxiolytix Hypnotic Anticonvulsant Amnestic Produce confusion DO NOT produce coma ```
189
What is the major problem with BZDs?
Dependency Don't use more than 3 days at a time Shorter half-lives have worse withdrawal effects Longer half-lives have less severe withdrawal effects but they effects are longer
190
How can death ensue with BZDs and anoth CNS depressant?
Respiratory depression
191
What are the uses of diazepam?
``` Anxiolytic Hypnotic Muscle relaxant Amnestic Pre-anesthetic Terminates status epilepticus Block convulsions of withdrawal from BZD or EtOH ```
192
What is the half-life of diazepam?
50+ hours
193
What is the half life of alprazolam?
12-15 hours | More rapid oral absorption
194
What are the advantages to alprazolam?
Shorter half life Faster absorption Less sedative
195
What is the BZD of choice for anxiety?
Alprazolam
196
What is a potential side effect of alprazolam ?
Early morning wakening
197
Which BZD has a longer duration of action then diazepam?
Lorazepam
198
What is oxazepam used for?
Anxiolytic | Sleep induction
199
Who do you give oxazepam to?
The elderly because of more reliable pharmacokinetics
200
What are the properties of midolazam?
Very short acting | Water soluble
201
What is midolazam used for?
Pre-op anesthesia Anxiolytics and muscle relaxant Amnestic
202
What is flumazenil?
It is an antagonist of BZD receptor. | No action without BZD in the system
203
What is flumazenil used for?
Post anesthesia | BZD overdose
204
What is the thing you should watch out for with flumazenil?
Precipitated withdrawal from the BZD -- seizures!
205
What do inverse agonist?
Anxiety then seizures
206
What drugs can cause lethality if combined with a BZD?
``` EtOH Opioids Antipsychotics TCAs Antihistamines ```
207
What is the action of cimetidine?
Inhibits liver oxidase so prolonged the action of BZDs.
208
What BZDs would you prescribe for someone on cimetidine?
Alprazolam Lorazepam Oxazepam Because of shorter duration of action
209
What are the signs of BZD withdrawal?
Tremors | Seizures
210
What are the sx of withdrawal sx?
Anxiety Insomnia Nausea Malaise
211
What is the MOA of 5-HT1a agonists?
Increase K conductance via same channels as GABAb receptors
212
What is the MOA of buspirone?
5-HT1a agonist
213
What is the advantage to using buspirone over a BZD?
No sedation | No motor impairment
214
What is the use of buspirone?
Anxiety
215
What are the disadvantages to buspirone?
Takes 3-6 weeks to work | Can cause anxiety
216
What are the side effects of buspirone?
Dizziness, nausea, vomiting No dependence or tolerance No cross tolerance with BZDs Does not alleviate BZD or EtOH withdrawal
217
What are the drug interactions of buspirone?
Increase bp with MAOi | Better effects against obsessive-compulsive behavior with SSRI
218
What are the signs of TCA toxicity?
``` QRS prolongation Anticholinergic effects Agitation Seizures Coma ```
219
Why should you wait 2 weeks to switch a patient from an MAOi to an SSRI?
Because it takes up to 2 weeks to resynthesize MAO and without normal levels, catecholamines will not be degraded. Add an SSRI and we have even more catecholamines in the synapse --> serotonin syndrome
220
What should people on levodopa avoid?
Vitamin B6 because it catalyzes peripheral metabolism of levidopa and decreases its effectiveness
221
What is infused with IV lorazepam to reduce recurrence of seizures?
Phenytoin
222
What is the MOA of phenytoin?
Increase sodium channel inactivation in cortical neurons
223
What is infused if status epilepticus does not stop with lorazepam?
Phenobarbital
224
Why is methadone effective in treating heroin addiction?
It is a mu agonist with a long half life so it allows for continuous suppression of withdrawal sx
225
What are the high potency antipsychotics?
Haloperidol Fluphenazine Pimozide
226
What are the high potency antipsychotics more likely to cause?
Extrapyramidal sx - increased skeletal muscle tone
227
What are the higher potency antipsychotics less likely to cause?
Anticholinergic and antihistamine effects
228
What are the lower potency typical antipsychotics?
Chlorpromazine and thioridazine
229
What antipsychotic causes retinitis pigmentosa?
Thioridazine - typical, low potency
230
What is chlorpromazine associated with?
Corneal deposits
231
What is ziprasidone associated with?
Prolonged QT interval
232
What is the MOA of varenicline?
Partial agonist at nicotine receptor - competes with nicotine for binding. Causes limited downstream dopamine release resulting in less stimulation of the reward pathway. Decreases withdrawal sx, reduces craving and reduces pleasure from other tobacco products
233
What is the MOA of reserpine?
Inhibits dopamine entry into synaptic vesicles - reduces heart rate and bp
234
What are beta blockers used for?
Performance anxiety | Use where sympathetic outflow is high and serves no purpose
235
Treat alcoholism in someone that needs a deterrent?
Disulfiram | causes aldehyde syndrome = hangover
236
What do you treat the initial phases of DTs with?
benzodiazepines | *just supportive care if already enter true DT's
237
What is the treatment for SSRI toxicity?
Cyproheptadine | 5-HT2 receptor antagonist
238
What are the common SNRI's?
Venlafaxine & Duloxetine
239
MOA of SNRI'S?
Inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake
240
Use of Venlafaxine?
Depression | Generalized anxiety and panic disorder
241
Use of Duloxetine?
Depression | Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
242
How do you treat TCA toxicity?
NaHCO3 | Treats cardiotoxicity/ arrhythmia
243
Use of Imipramine?
Sleep enuresis
244
DOC for sleep enuresis?
DDAVP (desmopressin) | 2DOC- Imipramine (TCA)
245
What to you treat night terrors and sleep walking with?
Benzodiazepines
246
What do you treat narcolepsy with?
Aronodafinil & Modafinil Amphetamines (day-time stimulants) and night time Sodium oxybate (GHB)
247
What do you treat restless leg syndrome with?
Dopamine agonists (Ropinirole & Gabapentin)
248
What do you treat REM-behavioral disorder with?
Clonazepam
249
What do you treat acute insomnia with?
BZD's- short term
250
What do you treat chronic insomnia with?
CBT w/ pyschophysiologic treatment | sleep hygiene
251
What drug may cause an exaggerated response to ADH?
Carbamazepine
252
What does an exaggerated response to ADH cause?
Hyponatremia because of increased volume - dilution
253
What is primidone?
An anti epileptic drug that is metabolized to phenobarbital

Boards (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions