Toxins Flashcards
Acteminophen signs
Nausea
Hepatic insufficiency
Acetaminophen Treatment
N-acetylcysteine
Acid/alkali ingestion treatment
Copious irrigation
Activated charcoal
Upper endoscopy to evaluate for stricture
Antimuscarinic/anticolinergic signs
Dry mouth, urinary retention, QRS widening on EKG
Antimuscarinic/anticholinergic treatment
Physostigmine (anti-cholinesterase inhibitor)
Acid/alkali ingestion signs
severe oropharyngeal & gastric irritation or burns, drooling, odynopagia, abd pain, gastric perforation sx
Mercury signs
renal insufficiency
tremor
mental status changes
Arsenic, mercury, gold treatment
Succimer
Dimercaprol
Beta blocker signs
Bradycardia
HOTN
Hypoglycemia
Pulmonary edema
Beta Blocker treatment
Glucagon Fluids Atropine Calcium Insulin Detrose
Barbiturates (phenobarbital) Treatment
Urine alkalinization
Dialysis
Activated charcoal
Supportive care
Benzodiazepine signs
Sedation
Resp depression
Benzo tx
Flumazenil
Black widow bite
Calcium gluconate
Methocarbamol
Antivenom
Carbon monoxide signs
cherry red skin
hypoxemia
confusion
headache
Carbon monoxide tx
100% O2
Hyperbaric O2
Copper tx
Penicillamine
Cyanide signs
headache
N/V
AMS
Cyanide tx
Hydroxycobalamin
Amyl nitrate
Sodium nitrate
Sodium thiosulfate
Cocaine signs
tachycardia agitation mydriasis HTN MI Hemorrhagic stroke
Cocaine tx
supportive care
benzos
alpha blockers
Calcium channel blocker signs
bradycardia
HOTN
Calcium channel blocker tx
Glucagon
Calcium
Insulin
Dextrose
Digoxin signs
N/V
visual changes
Arrhythmia
Digoxin tx
Anti-digitals Fab (Digoxin Ab’s)
Normalize K+ but avoid giving Ca2+, M2+ or lidocaine for torsades
Heparin signs
excessive bleeding
easy brusing
Heparin tx
Protamine sulfate
Isoniazid (INH) signs
Neuropathy
Hepatotoxicity
Isoniazid (INH) tx
Pyridoxine (vit B6)
Isopropyl alcohol signs
decreased consciousness
nausea
abd pain
Isopropyl alcohol tx
supportive care
Iron signs
Nausea Constipation Hepatotoxicity Hematemsis HOTN Anion-gap meta acidosis Radio-opaque on xray
Iron tx
Deferoxamine
Lead signs
peripheral neuropathy
anemia
Lead tx
Succimer
CaEDTA
Dimercaprol
Methanol signs
HA
visual changes
dizziness
Methanol tx
Ethanol
Fomepizole
dialysis
Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) signs
Ataxia
hallucination
Seizures
sweet breath
Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) tx
Ethanol
diaylsis
Calcium gluconate
Methemoglobin tx
methylene blue
Opioid signs
Pinpoint pupils
resp depression
Opioid tx
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Salicylate signs
N/V
Tinnitus
hyperventilation
anion gap meta acidosis
Salicylate tx
Urine alkalization
Dialysis
Activated charcoal
Sodium bicarb
Tricylic antidepressant signs
tachycardia
dry mouth
urinary retention
ORS widening on EKG
TCA tx
Sodium bicarb for QRS prolongation
Diazepam or lorazepam for seizures
Cardiac monitoring
Sulfonylurea signs
hypoglycemia
Sulfonylurea tx
Octreotide
Dextrose
Theophylline tx
Activated charcoal
tPA, streptokinase tx
aminocaproic acid
Warfarin signs
excessive bleeding
easy brusigin
Warfarin tx
Vitamin K
FFP
Organophosphate signs
Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bronchospasm Bradycardia Emesis Excitation of skeletal muscle Lacrimation Sweating Salivation Abd cramping
Organophosphate tx
Atropine
Pralidoxime (reactivates cholinesterase)
Supportive care