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Boards > Toxins > Flashcards

Toxins Flashcards

1
Q

Acteminophen signs

A

Nausea

Hepatic insufficiency

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2
Q

Acetaminophen Treatment

A

N-acetylcysteine

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3
Q

Acid/alkali ingestion treatment

A

Copious irrigation
Activated charcoal
Upper endoscopy to evaluate for stricture

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4
Q

Antimuscarinic/anticolinergic signs

A

Dry mouth, urinary retention, QRS widening on EKG

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5
Q

Antimuscarinic/anticholinergic treatment

A

Physostigmine (anti-cholinesterase inhibitor)

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6
Q

Acid/alkali ingestion signs

A

severe oropharyngeal & gastric irritation or burns, drooling, odynopagia, abd pain, gastric perforation sx

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7
Q

Mercury signs

A

renal insufficiency
tremor
mental status changes

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8
Q

Arsenic, mercury, gold treatment

A

Succimer

Dimercaprol

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9
Q

Beta blocker signs

A

Bradycardia
HOTN
Hypoglycemia
Pulmonary edema

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10
Q

Beta Blocker treatment

A 
Glucagon
Fluids
Atropine
Calcium
Insulin
Detrose
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11
Q

Barbiturates (phenobarbital) Treatment

A

Urine alkalinization
Dialysis
Activated charcoal
Supportive care

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12
Q

Benzodiazepine signs

A

Sedation

Resp depression

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13
Q

Benzo tx

A

Flumazenil

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14
Q

Black widow bite

A

Calcium gluconate
Methocarbamol
Antivenom

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15
Q

Carbon monoxide signs

A

cherry red skin
hypoxemia
confusion
headache

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16
Q

Carbon monoxide tx

A

100% O2

Hyperbaric O2

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17
Q

Copper tx

A

Penicillamine

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18
Q

Cyanide signs

A

headache
N/V
AMS

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19
Q

Cyanide tx

A

Hydroxycobalamin
Amyl nitrate
Sodium nitrate
Sodium thiosulfate

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20
Q

Cocaine signs

A 
tachycardia
agitation
mydriasis
HTN
MI
Hemorrhagic stroke
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21
Q

Cocaine tx

A

supportive care
benzos
alpha blockers

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22
Q

Calcium channel blocker signs

A

bradycardia

HOTN

23
Q

Calcium channel blocker tx

A

Glucagon
Calcium
Insulin
Dextrose

24
Q

Digoxin signs

A

N/V
visual changes
Arrhythmia

25
Q

Digoxin tx

A

Anti-digitals Fab (Digoxin Ab’s)

Normalize K+ but avoid giving Ca2+, M2+ or lidocaine for torsades

26
Q

Heparin signs

A

excessive bleeding

easy brusing

27
Q

Heparin tx

A

Protamine sulfate

28
Q

Isoniazid (INH) signs

A

Neuropathy

Hepatotoxicity

29
Q

Isoniazid (INH) tx

A

Pyridoxine (vit B6)

30
Q

Isopropyl alcohol signs

A

decreased consciousness
nausea
abd pain

31
Q

Isopropyl alcohol tx

A

supportive care

32
Q

Iron signs

A 
Nausea
Constipation
Hepatotoxicity
Hematemsis
HOTN
Anion-gap meta acidosis
Radio-opaque on xray
33
Q

Iron tx

A

Deferoxamine

34
Q

Lead signs

A

peripheral neuropathy

anemia

35
Q

Lead tx

A

Succimer
CaEDTA
Dimercaprol

36
Q

Methanol signs

A

HA
visual changes
dizziness

37
Q

Methanol tx

A

Ethanol
Fomepizole
dialysis

38
Q

Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) signs

A

Ataxia
hallucination
Seizures
sweet breath

39
Q

Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) tx

A

Ethanol
diaylsis
Calcium gluconate

40
Q

Methemoglobin tx

A

methylene blue

41
Q

Opioid signs

A

Pinpoint pupils

resp depression

42
Q

Opioid tx

A

Naloxone

Naltrexone

43
Q

Salicylate signs

A

N/V
Tinnitus
hyperventilation
anion gap meta acidosis

44
Q

Salicylate tx

A

Urine alkalization
Dialysis
Activated charcoal
Sodium bicarb

45
Q

Tricylic antidepressant signs

A

tachycardia
dry mouth
urinary retention
ORS widening on EKG

46
Q

TCA tx

A

Sodium bicarb for QRS prolongation
Diazepam or lorazepam for seizures
Cardiac monitoring

47
Q

Sulfonylurea signs

A

hypoglycemia

48
Q

Sulfonylurea tx

A

Octreotide

Dextrose

49
Q

Theophylline tx

A

Activated charcoal

50
Q

tPA, streptokinase tx

A

aminocaproic acid

51
Q

Warfarin signs

A

excessive bleeding

easy brusigin

52
Q

Warfarin tx

A

Vitamin K

FFP

53
Q

Organophosphate signs

A 
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bronchospasm
Bradycardia
Emesis
Excitation of skeletal muscle
Lacrimation
Sweating
Salivation
Abd cramping
54
Q

Organophosphate tx

A

Atropine
Pralidoxime (reactivates cholinesterase)
Supportive care

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