Treat Impairments

Question 1

How do you treat muscle weakness/low tone?

Answer 1

Progressive strengthening work/ electrical stimulation/splinting

Question 2

How do you treat muscle tightness or high tone?

Answer 2

Medication/ soft tissue mobs/ stretches/ splinting and positioning

Question 3

How can you treat sensory deficit?

Answer 3

Sensory stimulation

Question 4

How can you treat ataxia?

Answer 4

Coordination and core stability

Question 5

How can you treat pain?

Answer 5

Hot/ cold/tens/ joint mobs/ soft tissue mobs/ medication

Question 6

How can you treat poor initiation of movement problems?

Answer 6

Cueing

Question 7

How can you treat speed of movement problems?

Answer 7

Repetition of movement/ progressing speed/ treadmill

Question 8

How can you treat quality of movement?

Answer 8

Repetition of specific movement/ facilitation of movement

Question 9

How can you treat efficiency of movement?

Answer 9

Analysis of movement

Question 10

How can you treat cardiovascular fitness?

Answer 10

Cardiovascular training on treadmill

Question 11

How can you treat joint stiffness?

Answer 11

Joint mobilisations

Question 12

How can you treat confidence or anxiety?

Answer 12

Repetition and reassurance or ESSENCE- mental health

Question 13

How can treadmill training be a useful resource.

Answer 13

It can be a useful opportunity to practice repetitively the components of gait. A harness can be used for individuals with significant functional limitations and provides security and earlier mobility

Question 14

What is the rationale for using treadmill training?

Answer 14

Minimises manual handling risk
Task specific practice
Gait training may commence early 
Improves walking
Opportunities for speed and endurance training 
Improves strength and fitness
Enable practice of complete gait cycle

Question 15

What are orthoses?

Answer 15

They are external devices that support or enhance an impaired limb. In neurological rehab, orthoses are most frequently used to improve function and to prevent or correct deformity. They can increase speed and efficiency of gait

Question 16

What types of orthoses can you get?

Answer 16

Rigid-
Foot up splint
Dynamic and semi-dynamic- allows for more df

Question 17

What is Functional Electrical Stimulation?

Answer 17

FES aims to produce muscle contractions that mimic normal voluntary gait movement by applying electrical impulses to the common peroneal nerve through skin surfaces or planted electrodes.
A pressure sensitive foot switch triggers the electrical stimulation when weight is taken off the foot and when dorsiflexion is required for swing phase and initial stance, the stimulation is switched off when weight is taken on the foot.

Question 18

What are the benefits of FES?

Answer 18

Improves walking speed
Walking requires less effort and less tiring
More normal gait pattern
Reduced compensations
Reduced spasticity
Ability to walk longer distance
Improved confidence
Increased independence with ADL’s

Question 19

What are the gait outcome measures?

Answer 19

10 metre walk test
6m/3m walk test
Get up and go
6 min walk test
Incremental shuttle walk test
Qualitative gait analysis 
Kinematic analysis 
Kinetic analysis

Question 20

What is parasympathetic and sympathetic

Answer 20

Sympathetic- prepares the body for fight or flight

Parasympathetic- Helps the body relax and stop- and be calm

Question 21

What are GRASP exercises

Answer 21

Type 1, 2 and 3

Question 22

What is neuroplasticity

Answer 22

Adaptation of the cns and PNS change and a adapt to functional things. The unmasking of dormant nerves in the pathways

Motivation, repetition, practice, self confidence,
Stages of learning- cognitive, autonomous and associative