Other Rehab Techniques And Review Of Pathologies Flashcards
What is a CVA?
Cerebrovascular accident- Rapidly developing signs or symptoms of focal and at times global loss of cerebral function lasting more than 24 hours or that lead to death, with no apparent cause other than vascular
What are the different types of CVA?
Ischaemic and haemorrhagic
What are the risk factors for developing CVA?
Hypertension, Ischaemic heart disease, AF, High blood cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, high salt diet, smoking.
What is the most common area of the brain for an infarct?
Middle cerebral artery- most of the outer surface, sensorimotor cortex, basal ganglia, internal capsule and Broca’s area on the left
What is the Bamford classification for stroke ?
TACS- total anterior circulation stroke
PACS- partial anterior circulation stroke
POCS- posterior circulation stroke
LACS- Lacunar stroke (deep penetrating arteries)
What 3 arteries are the main blood supply to the brain?
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
What is a TBI?
Traumatic brain injury- defined as a injury to the brain caused by an external trauma
What are the different types of TBI?
Closed- diffuse axonal injury, concussion, intracranial haematoma, cerebral contusion
Open
Crushing
What are the different types of non traumatic brain injuries?
Stroke, infections, tumours, surgical complications, seizures, endocrine disorders, drug reactions, environmental toxins and anoxia
Which lobe is most commonly affected with TBI and what would be the signs and symptoms of damage to this lobe?
Frontal lobe - in behaviour or personality. Difficulty with previously unchallenging tasks. There are changes in relationships. There is difficulty with short or long term memory. There is trouble recognising familiar people or animals. New fears or phobias. Unexplained depression or anxiety
What are the two main types of spinal cord injury?
Complete/ incomplete,
tetraplegia/paraplegia,
traumatic/ non traumatic
What are the four types of incomplete SCI?
Anterior cord
Central cord
Brown sequard
Cauda equina
How would you test the c7 myotome and S1 dermatome?
C7- Elbow extension
S1- heel and lateral foot
What is the main descending pathway?
Corticospinal tract
What pathway transmits mainly proprioceptive information?
Spinocerebellar
How to treat low tone in the upper limb
Care of shoulder- education and positioning, supportive devices.
Hand oedema- passive/. AAROM
Whole arm strengthening (approx/tapping/holding/placing)
Mirror box and mental practice
Sensory retraining
Splints
What are some sub acute treatments?
Electrical stimulation-FES, CIMT, Botox for spasticity/spasticity management, strength training/task specific
What are the various grips?
Digital - pinch, Dics, hook, finger push, box, cylindrical, flipped cylindrical, lateral,tripod
PALMAR- span, spherical, power, flat hand push
Name some PADL’s
Getting out of bed, dressing, washing, toilet,cleaning teeth, cutting up food
Name some DADL’s
Cutting/chopping Stirring/lifting pans Opening cans Reach into cupboards Mopping Gardening DIY Ironing
Name some gadgets used for treating the upper limb
Saeboflex, Lycra garments and strapping
What is cardiovascular fitness?
The ability of the heart, blood cells and lungs to supply oxygen rich blood to the working muscle tissues and the ability of the muscles to use oxygen to produce energy for movement
What is the gold standard for measuring cardiovascular fitness?
CPET
Why is cardiovascular fitness decreased post stroke?
It is reduced by 50% due to: Impaired balance and coordination Diminished proprioceptive feedback Changes in muscle physiology and inflammation Respiratory dysfunction
