Recent Neurological Pathologies

Question 1

What is cerebral palsy?

Answer 1

A permanent impairment of movement and posture resulting from a non-progressive brain disorder due to hereditary factors or events during pregnancy,delivery, neonatal period and the first 2-3/5 years of life

Question 2

What part of the body does hemiplegic affect?

Answer 2

One sided

Question 3

What part of the body does diplegic affect?

Answer 3

From waist down

Question 4

What part of the body does quadriplegic affect?

Answer 4

All 4 limbs

Question 5

What are the clinical features of cerebral palsy?

Answer 5

Abnormal sensorimotor development,
abnormal posture and movement,
abnormal uncoordinated patterns of movement due to abnormal tone

Question 6

What is Gross Motor Function Measure? (Outcome measure)

Answer 6

Assess gross motor function from birth to 16 years old
Suitable for children with CP, Down’s syndrome and developmental delay
Standardised criterion based observation of motor abilities

Question 7

What does the gross motor function classification systems main functions?

Answer 7

Categorises children into 5 levels of motor ability

It is used to predict a child’s motor prognosis, especially their expected mobility levels.

Question 8

What is Spina Bifida?

Answer 8

It is a congenital abnormality in the formation of spinal vertebrae
The incidence decreasing

Question 9

What is hydrocephalus?

Answer 9

Increased cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain, treated shunt, signs of blockage -headaches, change in arousal/temperament

Question 10

What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 10

Progressive genetic disease in boys, die in early 20s from respiratory complications.

Question 11

What physiotherapy techniques can be used to treat Ducheenes muscular dystrophy?

Answer 11

Encourage symmetry
Prevent and treat deformities
Facilitate movement and mobility
Encourage functional independence

Question 12

If you have a nervous system lesion, what are the primary impairments and furthermore secondary musculoskeletal limitations?

Answer 12

Primary Impairment- paresis and spasticity

Secondary musculoskeletal limitations - reduced muscle length, contractures, deformity and muscle weakness

Question 13

What helps prevent deformity at a young age?

Answer 13

Standing
Passive stretches
Positioning
Botox injections

Question 14

How would you use physical therapy to heLp treat spinabifida, CP, or duchennes?

Answer 14

Prompt assessment by a physio and where necessary an OT, 24 hour postural management, task focussed activities, progressive muscle strengthening programme and a Botox injection.

Question 15

What is Botulinum toxin A used for?

Answer 15

Focal spasticity

Question 16

What is intrathecal baclofen used for?

Answer 16

More widespread spasticity with postural, functional or care difficulties

Question 17

What part of the brain does cerebral palsy affect?

Answer 17

Cerebral motor cortex in the frontal lobe. This is the part of the brain that directs muscle movement balance and posture.