Gait

Question 1

What is gait?

Answer 1

A method of human locomotion
Involves the use of both legs alternately for support and propulsion
Automatic and conscious control- central pattern generators

Question 2

What is the gait cycle?

Answer 2

Begins with the first ground contact of one foot and ends when the same foot makes ground contact again

Question 3

What is the stance phase?

Answer 3

60% of the cycle- the considered leg has a period in contact with the ground

Question 4

What actions are part of the gait cycle?

Answer 4

Stance and swing = stride

Question 5

What movements are in the stance phase?

Answer 5

Initial contact
Loading response
Mid stance
Terminal stance
Pre-swing

Question 6

What is the swing phase?

Answer 6

Initial swing
Mid swing
Terminal swing

Question 7

What are the 3 forms of gait measurement?

Answer 7

Qualitative gait assessment
Kinematics
Kinetics

Question 8

What is ataxic gait?

Answer 8

Unsteady, uncoordinated walk with wide base of support, the feet are thrown outwards

Question 9

What is apraxia gait?

Answer 9

Unable to carry out familiar, purposeful movements in the a sense of paralysis or other motor or sensory impairment. The process is forgotten

Question 10

What is trendelenburg gait?

Answer 10

It is caused by weakness of the abductor muscles of the lower limb, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus which results in the pelvis dropping to the opposite side.

Question 11

What is Hemiplegic gait?

Answer 11

It is weakness down one side following a CVA

Question 12

What is Parkinson gait?

Answer 12

A slow shuffling gait with difficulty turning and initiating movement

Question 13

What is High stepping gait?

Answer 13

It is caused by a foot drop

Question 14

What is FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION?

Answer 14

It aims to produce muscle contractions that mimic normal voluntary gait movement by applying electrical impulses to the common perineal nerve through skin surface or implanted electrodes

Question 15

What is FES used to treat?

Answer 15

It treats drop foot in CNS lesions eg stroke, cerebral palsy, MS, SCI

Question 16

What are the benefits of FES?

Answer 16

1. Improved walking speed
2. More normal gait pattern
3. Reduced compensations
4. Reduced spasticity
5. Reduced incidence of falls
6. Improved independence with ADL’s

Question 17

What are the gait outcome measures

Answer 17

10 metre walk test
Incremental shuttle walk test
Get up and go
6 minute walk test
Kinetic analysis 
Kinematic analysis

Question 18

What is MAS

Answer 18

Motor assessment scale used to assess daily gait in patients that have had a stroke