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Infection > Travel Infections > Flashcards

Travel Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the vector for malaria?

A

Female mosquito

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2
Q

What country is Falciparum associated with?

A

Africa

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3
Q

What country is Vivax/Ovale associated with?

A

India

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4
Q

What people are most at risk of malaria?

A

Children
Pregnant women
Immunocompromised
Travellers with no prior exposure

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5
Q

What is the incubation time of P.Falciparum?

A

7-30 days

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6
Q

What is the incubation time of P.Vivax/Ovale?

A

Has a dormant phase, up to one year

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7
Q

What symptoms are associated with malaria?

A

Fever, chills and sweats

Cycles every 3 and 4 days

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8
Q

What are some severe complications of malaria?

A

ARDs
Cerebral malaria
DIC

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9
Q

List the lifecycle of Malaria?

A

Infected mosquito injects sporozoites

Sporozoites migrate to the liver, where they form merozoties

Merozoites are released and invade red blood cells

In the RBC, the merozoite becomes a trophozoite

In the red blood cells, the trophozoite multiplies, producing new merozoites. These are released when the blood cells ruptures

Some meroziotes become gametocytes

Female mosquito picks up gametocytes from infected human, sexual cycle occurs in the mosquito where sporozoites are formed

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10
Q

What tests are done to diagnose malaria?

A

Blood film x 3
Blood tests
Head CT scan
Chest X ray

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11
Q

How is P.Falciparum treated?

A

Artesunate

Quinine and Dox

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12
Q

How is P.Vivax/Ovale treated?

A

Chloroquine

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13
Q

What are some prevention methods of malaria?

A

Don’t get bit

Chemoprophylaxis

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14
Q

Which organisms cause enteric fever?

A

Salmonella typhi and paratyphi

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15
Q

What are some virulence factors of S.typhi?

A

low infection dose

Survives gastric acid

Fimbriae adhere to epithelium over lymphoid tissue

Reside within macrophages

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16
Q

What are some symptoms of enteric fever?

A 
High temp
Headache
Muscle aches
loss off appetite 
Constipation 
Rash made of small pink spots 
Confusion
17
Q

What are some complications of enteric fever?

A

Intestinal haemorrhage?

18
Q

How is enteric fever treated?

A

Multidrug resistant

Usually treated with IV ceftriaxone

19
Q

List a bacteria that causes non typhoidal salmonella?

A

S. typhimurium,

20
Q

What is the commonest arbovirus?

A

Dengue fever

21
Q

What is characterisitc of dengue fever?

A

Skin rash

22
Q

What re the complications with dengue fever?

A

Reinfection with different serotype

Can lead to denque haemorrhagic fever

Dengue shock syndrome

23
Q

Name a flat worm?

A

Schistosmitsis

24
Q

What does legionella cause?

A

Pneumonia

25
Q

Where is legionella usually found?

A

Man made water systems

26
Q

What is the mechanism of legionella pathogenesis in humans?

A

Invades and replicates inside macrophages

Infection (13 decks)

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