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Infection > 4 Antimicrobials > Flashcards

4 Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

What are some ideal features of an antimicrobial agent?

A 
Selectively toxic 
Few adverse effects 
Reach site of infection 
Oral/IV formulation 
Long half life
No interference with other drugs
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2
Q

What are the four targets of antibacterial action?

A

Cell wall synthesis
Cell membrane function
Protein synthesis
Nucleic acid synthesis

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3
Q

Which antibiotics inhibits cell membrane function?

A

Polymixins

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4
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?

A

Quinolones

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5
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis?

A

Tetracycline

Macrolides

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6
Q

MPNQRT

A

Manny Pacquao needs qualified person trainers

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7
Q

What is the bacterial cell made of?

A

Peptidoglycan

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8
Q

Name two groups of antibiotics that act on the cell wall

A

Beta lactams

Glycopeptides

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9
Q

How does penicilin work?

A

Similar shape to penicillin binding protein active site, blocks peptidoglycan cross link formation

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10
Q

How does vancomycin work?

A

Binds to the peptidoglycan residues stopping PCP from binding and forming cross links

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11
Q

What does fluoroquinolone inhibit?

A

DNA gyrase

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12
Q

What are the different mechanisms of resistance?

A

Drug inactivating enzyme

Altered target

Altered uptake
- efflux and influx

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13
Q

What are the different genetic basis for antibiotic resistance?

A

Chromosomal gene mutation

Horizontal gene transfer

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14
Q

Expand on chromosomal gene mutation?

A

Slight mutation that allows to survive drug, bacteria dividies and increases in number

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15
Q

What is horizontal gene transfer?

A

Movement of genetic material between bacteria

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16
Q

What is conjugation?

A

From one organism to an other

17
Q

What is transduction?

A

Injected into a bacteria by a bacteriophage

18
Q

What is transformation?

A

Free DNA can get through the cell wall

19
Q

How can you measure antibiotic activity?

A

Disc sensitivity testing

20
Q

What is the minimum inhibitory concentration?

A

the lowest drug concentration that prevents visible micro-organsism growth after overnight incubation

21
Q

What is penicillin mainly active against?

A

Streptococci

22
Q

What is flucloxacillin active agaisnt?

A

Staph and strep

23
Q

Name a antibiotic that is active in the CSF?

A

Ceftriaxone

24
Q

Name a glycopeptide?

A

Vancomycin

25
Q

What can be used to treat chlamydia and as a prophyalxis for malaria?

A

Tetracycline

26
Q

What do quinolones inhibit?

A

DNA gyrase

27
Q

List two class of antifungals?

A

Azoles and Polyenes

28
Q

What do azole inhibit?

A

Membrane synthesis

29
Q

What to polyenes inhibit?

A

Cell membrane function

30
Q

List two antivirals

A

Aciclovir

Tamiflu

Infection (13 decks)

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