4 Antimicrobials Flashcards
What are some ideal features of an antimicrobial agent?
Selectively toxic Few adverse effects Reach site of infection Oral/IV formulation Long half life No interference with other drugs
What are the four targets of antibacterial action?
Cell wall synthesis
Cell membrane function
Protein synthesis
Nucleic acid synthesis
Which antibiotics inhibits cell membrane function?
Polymixins
Which antibiotics inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?
Quinolones
Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis?
Tetracycline
Macrolides
MPNQRT
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What is the bacterial cell made of?
Peptidoglycan
Name two groups of antibiotics that act on the cell wall
Beta lactams
Glycopeptides
How does penicilin work?
Similar shape to penicillin binding protein active site, blocks peptidoglycan cross link formation
How does vancomycin work?
Binds to the peptidoglycan residues stopping PCP from binding and forming cross links
What does fluoroquinolone inhibit?
DNA gyrase
What are the different mechanisms of resistance?
Drug inactivating enzyme
Altered target
Altered uptake
- efflux and influx
What are the different genetic basis for antibiotic resistance?
Chromosomal gene mutation
Horizontal gene transfer
Expand on chromosomal gene mutation?
Slight mutation that allows to survive drug, bacteria dividies and increases in number
What is horizontal gene transfer?
Movement of genetic material between bacteria
What is conjugation?
From one organism to an other
What is transduction?
Injected into a bacteria by a bacteriophage
What is transformation?
Free DNA can get through the cell wall
How can you measure antibiotic activity?
Disc sensitivity testing
What is the minimum inhibitory concentration?
the lowest drug concentration that prevents visible micro-organsism growth after overnight incubation
What is penicillin mainly active against?
Streptococci
What is flucloxacillin active agaisnt?
Staph and strep
Name a antibiotic that is active in the CSF?
Ceftriaxone
Name a glycopeptide?
Vancomycin
