4 Antimicrobial stewardship

Question 1

What is MDR?

Answer 1

Multiple drug resistance - Non susceptibility to at least one agent in three of more antimicrobial catergories

Question 2

What is XDR?

Answer 2

Extensively drug resistant - Non-susceptibility to at least one agent in all but two or fewer antimicrobial catergories

Question 3

What is PDR?

Answer 3

Pan-drug resistant - Non-susceptibility to all agents in all antimicrobial categories

Question 4

What causes antibiotic resistance?

Answer 4

Antibacterial use

Question 5

List some key themes of antimicrobial stewrdship

Answer 5

• appropriate use of antimicrobials
• optimal clinical outcomes
• minimize toxicity and other adverse events
• reduce the costs of health care for infections
• limit the selection for antimicrobial resistant strains

Question 6

Anti-microbial stewardship definition

Answer 6

Antimicrobial stewardshipis a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use ofantimicrobials(including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.

Question 7

What are the different stewardship intervention types?

Answer 7

Persuasive
Restrictive
Structural

Question 8

Examples of persuasive intervention

Answer 8

Education 
Consensus
Opinion leaders
Reminders 
Audit 
Feedback

Question 9

Examples of restrictive intervention

Answer 9

Restricted susceptibility reporting
Formulary restriction
Prior authorisation
Automatic stop orders