Travel Infections Flashcards
how does malaria present
fever, nausea, vomiting, sweating, chills, possible spleen enlargement, headache, fatigue
what is the incubation period for malaria
minimum of 6 days
what causes malaria
4 species of Plasmodium; falciparum, vivax, ovale, and malariae
what complications can occue if you are infected by Plasmodium falciparum
tachycardia, arrthymias, hypotension, diarrhoea, renal and cerebral problems, DIC, thrombocytopenia and hypoglycaemia
how is malaria transmitted
through the female anaopheles mosquito
what is the lifecycle of the malarial parasite
when an infected mosquito feeds the parasite sporozites enter the blood and travel to the liver where they enter the hepatocytes and create merozoites which replicate and cause the cell the burst. the merozoites then travel into the blood and infect RBCs causing them to burst as well
what tests should be carried out for malaria
FBC, blood smear, glucose coagulation, U+E, CXR
what is the treatment for malaria
falciparum = artesunate
ovale and vivax = chloroquine and primaquine
what is the prevention for malaria
prevent being bitten by` repellents, clothing and nets. take antimalarials
how does typhoid present
fever, headache, abdominal discomfort, constipation, cough and bradycardia
what is the incubation period for typhoid
7-14 days
what causes typhoid
Salmonella enterica
what are the virulence factors for Salmonella enterica
endotoxin = lipopolysaccharide capsule exotoxins = fimbriae and invasin
what tests should be carried out in typhoid
LFT’s, blood culture,
what is typhoid transmitted
fecel-oral route
