Sepsis Flashcards

1
Q

What is sepsis

A

Life threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection

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2
Q

What is septic shock

A

Persisting hypotension requiring treatment to maintain blood pressure despite fluid resuscitation

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3
Q

what does bacteraemia mean

A

the presence of bacteria in the blood

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4
Q

what is the early warning system used for

A

to recognise sepsis

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5
Q

how long should it take for the sepsis 6 bundle to be completed

A

1 hour

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6
Q

what is the sepsis 6 bundle

A

interventions designed to reduce mortality in those identified with sepsis

  • administer oxygen
  • take blood culture
  • administer IV antibiotics
  • measure lactate levels
  • start IV fluid resuscitation
  • measure urine output
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7
Q

what does the pilus on bacteria help to do

A

helps attachment

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8
Q

what is the endotoxin found on bacteria

A

the lipopolysaccharide which trigger inflammation

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9
Q

how does the polysaccharide capsule of bacteria aid them

A

promotes adherence and prevents phagocytosis

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10
Q

how would you confirm the diagnosis of an infection

A
  • blood culture

- run a PCR to see if the organism is in the blood

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11
Q

what are features of red flag sepsis

A
  • high respiratory rate
  • low blood pressure
  • unresponsive
  • high temperature
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12
Q

what cytokines are released in response to infection

A

TNF (tissue necrosis factors), interleukin 1 and 6

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13
Q

what does the binding of an endotoxin to a macrophage initiate

A

the inflammatory cascade as cytokines are released

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14
Q

why does sepsis affect coagulation

A

the cytokines released initiate the production of thrombin and inhibit fibrinolysis

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15
Q

what complications arise due to the promotion of coagulation in sepsis

A
  • microvascular thrombosis leading to organ ischemia, dysfunction and failure
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16
Q

what is the major cause of multiorgan failure in sepsis

A

microvascular injury