Surface Infections Flashcards

1
Q

what surfaces are there on patients where bacteria can enter

A
  • skin

- mucosal surfaces

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2
Q

name bacteria part of the normal flora on the eye

A

coagulase negative and viridans staphylococci

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3
Q

name bacteria part of the normal flora in the nasalpharynx

A

Neisseria Meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophillius influenza

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4
Q

name bacteria part of the normal flora in the mouth

A

Viridans streptococci, Neisseria, Lactobacillus

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5
Q

name bacteria part of the normal flora in the stomach

A

Helicobacter, streptoccus, staphylococcus, lactobacilli

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6
Q

name some external surface infections

A
  • cellulitis
  • pharyngitis
  • conjunctivitis
  • gastroenteritis
  • UTIs
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7
Q

names some internal surface infections

A
  • endovascular infections
  • septic arthritis
  • osteomyelitis
  • empyema
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8
Q

what is endocarditis

A

infection of the endocardium seen in patients with prosthetic heart valves

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9
Q

what organisms causes prosthetic joint infections

A

coagulase negative staphylococci

staphylococcus aures

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10
Q

name some prosthetic surfaces which infections can arise from

A
  • IV lines
  • catheters
  • prosthetic joints
  • cardiac valves
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11
Q

what is a biofilm

A

a slime layer with embedded bacteria which helps them adhere to surfaces. when a biofilm is formed the phenotype of the bacteria changes

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12
Q

what is a pyogenic response

A

when neutrophils release pus

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13
Q

what are the advantages of a biofilm to bacteria

A

protects them from complement, antibodies and antibiotics and other microbial attack

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14
Q

why are prosthetic devices with biofilms attached often removed/replaced

A

as its very hard to remove the biofilm from the surface

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15
Q

how is infection on prosthetic surfaces prevented

A
  • preventing contamination

- removing bacteria

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16
Q

why do bacteria accumulate on valves

A

they are avascular so cant defend themselves

bloodlfow isn’t always streamlined so some comes back and this is where bacteria can collect

17
Q

what symptoms are seen in endocarditis

A
  • heart murmur
  • fever
  • Janeway lesions (flat red blotches on palms of hands)
  • Osler nodes (raised red lesions on fingers and feet)
  • enlarged spleen (increase in immune cells)
  • splinter haemorrhage in nails
18
Q

why are you more likely to get endocarditis with bicuspid valves

A
  • blood flow is more turbulent which slows down the velocity of the blood allowing the bacteria to be able to settle better
19
Q

what can central lines be coated in to prevent infection

A

silver as its an antimicrobial substance