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Infection > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

how will severe HIV typically present

A

fever and dry cough, weight loss, skin lesions (Kaposi’s sarcoma), sore mouth with white patches (oral candidiasis), PCP

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2
Q

what are the outcomes of HIV

A

death or chronic infection (no cure)

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3
Q

what is the structure of the HIV virus

A
  • RNA or DNA
  • protein capsule to protect the genome
  • lipid envelope containing antigens
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4
Q

why is HIV a reterovirus

A

as it converts it’s ssRNA into DNA and back into ssRNA

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5
Q

what cells does HIV infect

A

cells with CD4 surface receptor - T-helper lymphocytes

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6
Q

what happens to HIV virus when it enters the host cell

A

the virus fuses with the cells and empties its contents
reverse transcriptase then converts the ssRNA into DNA
viral DNA is then integrated into the hosts DNA by the integrase enzyme
viral DNA is transcribed
viral proteins are produced which destroys the cells and causes inflammation

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7
Q

what happens to the HIV virus after it offloads its contents into the host cell

A

it buds off taking with it the produced protein chains and infects more cells

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8
Q

how is HIV spread

A
  • sexual contact
  • transfusion
  • contaminated needles
  • vertical transmission
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9
Q

what is the CD4 count for severe HIV/AIDS

A

below 200

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10
Q

what is the CD4 count for asymptomatic HIV

A

above 500

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11
Q

what can HIV cause

A
  • liver/spleen enlargement
  • nausea and vomiting
  • rash
  • lymphadenopathy
  • headache
  • fever
  • weight loss
  • pharyngitis
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12
Q

what is the life expectancy of someone with HIV

A

normal - 77 years

with treatment, early detection, healthy living

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13
Q

what diagnostic tests are there

A

blood tests can be done to look at antigen, antibody levels

PCR can be used to detect HIV nucleic acid

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14
Q

what are the advantages of PCR for detecting HIV

A

highly sensitive, detects very early infection but is expensive

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15
Q

what are used to treat HIV

A

2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

and 1 of either; protease inhibitor or integrase inhibitor

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16
Q

what strategies are used to prevent HIV

A

condoms, ARVs as prevention, PEP, prevention of vertical transmission

17
Q

What is Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

Red patches on the skin

18
Q

What organisms are HIV patients particularly at risk from

A

Fungi and viruses

19
Q

In the UK are more women or men affected by HIV

A

Men

20
Q

What does HIV stand for

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

21
Q

What happens due to the HIV replicating inside of cells

A

It destroys the cell, causes inflammation then spreads to infect more cells

22
Q

True or false - only small quantities of fluids need to be passed on from transmission of HIV

A

False - relatively large amounts are required

23
Q

What happens during the primary infection of HIV

A

The viral loads increases dramatically where it detected giving a response - levels then fall as immune system give a stable level
Temporary drop in CD4 cells
Symptoms include flu, headache, rash, sore throat, muscle aches

24
Q

What happens during the latent infection stage

A

The virus replicates at very low levels

No or mild symptoms

25
Q

When does HIV progress to AIDS

A

When the CD4 count is below 200 or you develop an opportunistic infection

26
Q

What CD4 count does stage III,advanced HIV count as

A

Below 350

27
Q

What is the CD4 count in primary HIV infection

A

Normal or a temporary drop

28
Q

What conditions are associated with severe HIV

A
  • toxoplasmosis

-

29
Q

What factors affect HIV transmission

A
  • type of exposure
  • viral level
  • condom use
  • breaks in the skin
30
Q

What are the aims of HIV treatment

A
  • undetectable viral load
  • normal CD4 count
  • reduced inflammation
  • good quality of life
31
Q

What strategies are used to prevent HIV

A
  • condom use
  • ARV
  • post-exposure treatment
  • pre-exposure prophylaxis
32
Q

What is the risk of acquiring HIV from needlestick injury

A

1:300

Infection (16 decks)

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