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Neurologic Conditions > Traumatic Brain Injuries > Flashcards

Traumatic Brain Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of a Concussion?

A

Head trauma (closed or open)

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2
Q

What are the sx of a concussion?

A
  • Transient alteration in awareness or consciousness
  • Some degree of amnesia is common (sec or longer)
  • Residual problems w/ memory, HA, attention span or behavior
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3
Q

What will be found on PE in a Concussion?

A
  • Pt examined immed. may seem confused or amnestic
  • Neuro exam otherwise normal
  • Days later the exam is normal
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4
Q

What is the mech of damage in concussion?

A
  • Biochem & ultrastructural ABN occur such as mito ATP depletion & local distrutpion of BBB
  • Central brainstem core, the reticular activating system (RAS) is thought to suffer the brunt of some of the changes d/t the traumatic force waves transmitted
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5
Q

What are the technical features of concussion?

A
  • Labs & imaging are normal
  • If ABN found its in add to concussion
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6
Q

What is the tx of a concussion?

A

Time & sx tx of assoc sx

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7
Q

What is the management of a concussion?

A

Athletes in “contact sports” should avoid further contact for a defined period of time

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8
Q

What is the cause of Subdural Hematoma?

A

Severe fall or hit on the head

Minor bump on the head in elderly

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9
Q

What is found on PE in a Subdural Hematoma?

A
  • Altered mental status
  • Focal neuro findings are common dpending on location of the hematoma
  • If inc ICP there could be papilledema
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10
Q

What are the technical features of Subdural Hematoma?

A
  • Brain CT or MRI is us dx
  • If acute, blood in the subdural space
  • If chronic there may be water density fluid in the subdural space
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11
Q

What does the Subdural hematoma result from?

A

Shearing/tearing of the pia veins that span the subdural space

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12
Q

What is the prognosis of Acute sumbdural hematomas?

A

Often lethal

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13
Q

What is the prognosis of Chronic subdural hematomas?

A

Gradual progressive condition

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14
Q

What is the tx of Acute subdural hematoma?

A

Often require surgical evacuation unless os small clinical implications are trival

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15
Q

What is the tx of Chronic subdural hematoma?

A

May require surgical evacuation but may resolve spon in time

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16
Q

What is the cause of Epidural hematoma?

A

Temporal bone fx d/t trauma to middle meningeal artery

17
Q

What are the characteristics of Epidural hematoma?

A

Lucid interval followed by a dec in level of concsiousness & dev of focal neuro deficit

18
Q

What is found on PE in Epidural hematoma?

A
  • Altered mental status
  • Focal neuro findings–sensory deficit, weakness, pupillary & eye movement dysfx
19
Q

What are the technical features of Epidural hematoma?

A
  • Brain CT or MRI are us. dx w/ blood in epidural space (biconvex hematoma)
  • Fx involving temporal bone
20
Q

What is the tx of an Epidural hematoma?

A

Nearly always surgical evacuation of the hematoma

21
Q

What is the cause of Intracerebral hemorrhage?

A

Most are d/t hemorrhage but may occur following taumatic force causes tearing of intraparenchymal vessels

22
Q

What is found on PE in an Intracerebral hemorrhage?

A
  • Focal neuro deficits us. predom
  • Altered mental status is common
23
Q

What are the technical features of Intracerebral hemorrhage?

A

Brain CT or MRI are usually dx

24
Q

What is the tx of Intracerebral hemorrhage?

A
  • Tx supportive w/ monitoring, head elevation & bed rest
  • If pt is rapidly deteriorating, surgical eval may be required
25
Q

What is a Concussion?

A

Head trauma w/ altered mental status

26
Q

What is Post Percussive synd?

A

Persisten HA & irritabilty

MC in adults

27
Q

What is a Battle sign?

A

Ecchymosis of mastoid process or hemotympany (middle cranial fossa problem)

28
Q

What do Raccoon eyes indicate?

A

Periorbital blood from direct trauma to oribits or basilar skull fx

29
Q

What can Rhinorrhea be d/t in head trauma?

A

CSF leak

30
Q

What is the most sensitive test for CSF leak?

A

Dipstick test for glucose

(CSF is 1/2-2/3 serum glucose)

31
Q

What can cause Ansomnia in head trauma?

A

Fx to cribiform plate & olfactory bulb damage

32
Q

Where is the middle meningeal artery torn in an epidural hematoma?

A

At the pterion (weakest point of the skull)

33
Q

What 4 skull bones make up the Pterion?

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Squamous portion of temporal
  • Greater wing of sphenoid
34
Q

Who are MRI’s CI in?

A

Pt w/ pacemakers

Neurologic Conditions (15 decks)

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