Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurologic Conditions > Transient Loss of Consciousness > Flashcards

Transient Loss of Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

When does Vasovagal syncope occur?

A

Nearly always while standing or sitting up erect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who gets Vasovagal syncope?

A

Any age or gender

Typically recurrent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who is Vasovagal syncope MC in?

A

Elderly & Physically impaired esp if inactive & multiple meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the premonitory sx of vasovagal syncope?

A
  • Light-headed
  • Sweating
  • Feeling hot or cold
  • Pallor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the precipitating events of vasovagal syncope?

A
  • Strong emotion
  • Pain
  • Fatigue
  • Coughing
  • Urinating
  • N/V
  • Swallowing
  • Defecating
  • Hunger
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the duration of vasovagal syncope?

A

Seconds to minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

15% of vasovagal syncope may be assoc w/ brief ___ ___ ____.

A

Generalized convulsive activity (<1 min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the triggers for vasovagal syncope?

A
  • Prolonged standing
  • Hot or crowded cond
  • Alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How will the pt look during a syncope event?

A
  • Pale
  • Diaphoretic
  • Tachycardic or bradycardic
  • HOTN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the tech features of vasovagl syncope?

A

Anemia or inadequate hydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the tx for vasovagal syncope?

A
  • Correct underlying physiological ABN
  • Recumbent position when warning sx present
  • Vasopressors or alpha agonist
  • Evaluate meds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the hx of Cardiogenic syncope?

A

Heart dz, palpitation or chest discomfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Cardiogenic syncope NOT related to?

A
  • Pain or emotional triggers
  • Unrelated to posture
  • LOC rarely results in injury
  • Tongue biting & incontinence rare
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long does the post-ictal period last in Cardiogenic syncope?

A

Brief <5 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the PE findings in Cardiogenic syncope?

A

Cardiac exam may be normal but MC ABN than w/ non-cardiac syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What may or may not be the tech findings of Cardiogenic syncope?

A
  • Cardiomegaly on chest X-ray
  • EKG ABN
  • 24 hr up to 21day Holter monitor or other more invasive dx test suca as electrophyical studeies, ECHO, Cardiac CT or MRI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the tx for Cardiogenic syncope directed at?

A

Underlying cardiac disturb→ medical or surgical

18
Q

What is the Management for Cardiogenic syncope?

A

Cardiac limitations & pt/family education

19
Q

Who gets seizures?

A

Any age or gender

20
Q

What is common hx features of seizures?

A
  • Fhx of seizures
  • Head trauma
  • Co-morbid neuropsychiatirc hx
21
Q

What are the PE findings of seizures?

A
  • ABN neuro-psychiatric exam MC than w/ syncope
  • Skin lesions common in pts w/ neurocutaneous synd
  • Maybe evidence of injuries
22
Q

What are the tech features of seizures?

A
  • ABN brain imaging (MRI most sensitive) MC than in syncope but normal in >80%
  • Electrophalogram may be dx, normal in >80% on any random EEG
23
Q

What RF do pt with Brainstem TIA have?

A
  • Advanged age
  • HTN
  • DM
  • A-fib
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • Smoker
  • PAD
  • CAD
24
Q

What is the duration of Brainstem TIA?

A

Minutes to hours

25
Q

What are the PE findings of Brainstem TIA?

A
  • ABN neuro exam
  • Focal brainstem findings
  • Crossed motor or sensory changes
  • CVD findings
26
Q

What are the focal brainstem findings?

A
  • CN findings
  • Nystagmus
  • Ataxia
  • Hemiparesis
  • Hemisensory loss
27
Q

What are crossed motor or sensory findings?

A

Unilateral faciall numbness/weakness w/ contralateral limb numbness/weakness

28
Q

What are the cerebrovascular dz findings?

A

Bruits & signs of peripheral vascular dz

29
Q

What is the cause of brainstem TIA findings?

A

Transient ischemia of the reticular activating system in the brainstem causes “focal neuro sx” loss of consciousness

30
Q

What is the hx Hyperventillation/Psychogenic?

A
  • Anixety & hyperventilation
  • No hx of pallor or cold sweats
  • Perioral tingling & cramping
  • Tingling of fingers & hands
  • Feeling of impending doom
  • Air hunger
31
Q

What are the PE findings of Hyperventilation?

A

Signs of anxiety

32
Q

What is the tx for hyperventilation?

A
  • Rebreathing into a paper bag
  • Lying flat
  • Anti-anxiety meds
  • Mental health couseling
  • Pt & family education
  • Reassurance
33
Q

What does hypoglycemia ressemble?

A

Syncope in terms of pallor, sweating, tachycardia

34
Q

What is hypoglycemia rare in?

A

Non diabetics or pt w/ pancreatic neoplasm

35
Q

What reverses hypoglycemia?

A

IV or oral glucose

36
Q

What are the tech features of hypoglycemia?

A

Very low blood sugars during event

<50mg% or <30mg%

37
Q

What causes hypoglycemia?

A

Brain needs O2. glucose, BF & a favorable metabolic millieu to function normally

38
Q

What is the tx for hypoglycemia?

A

Adjustment of DM meds

39
Q

What needs to be intact to maintain consciousness?

A

Recticular Activating System (RAS)** & Cerebral cortex

40
Q

Where is the RAS located?

A

Junction of Pons & Medulla up the brainstem to the Midbrain

41
Q

What is the blood supply to the brain stem?

A

Vertebral basilar system

42
Q

What is the initial component of vasovagal syncope?

A

Vascular element caused by SNS

Neurologic Conditions (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions