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Hannah RAD III > Trauma PPT > Flashcards

Trauma PPT Flashcards

1
Q

6 Ranges of Mechanisms of injury are

A
  1. Fall
  2. Motor Vehicle Traffic
  3. Struck by, against
  4. Transport, other
  5. Cut/pierce
  6. Firearm
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2
Q

What type of injury females tend to have higher injury than male?

A

Fall

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3
Q

What is trauma?

A

Define =
Age range
Range of conditions
Standard projections: ADAPTATION

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4
Q

What does it mean to be a trauma center

A

Emergency medical care

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5
Q

How many level of Trauma Center

A

4

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6
Q

Level I

A

Comprehensive
Type of center
Availability of imaging services

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7
Q

Level II

A

Same specialized care as Level I but differs by
Type of facility
Availability of specialty physicians

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8
Q

Level III

A

Smaller communities
Availability of specialists
Stabilize patient

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9
Q

Level IV

A

Clinic or outpatient facility
Minor injuries
Stabilize patient

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10
Q

What is a Blunt Trauma?

A

MVAs
Collisions with pedestrians
Falls
Aggravated assault (sudden danger)

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11
Q

What is Penetrating trauma?

A

Gunshot wounds (GSWs)
Stab wounds
Impalement injuries
Foreign body ingestion or aspiration

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12
Q

What is Explosive trauma?

A

Pressure shock waves, high-velocity projectiles, burns

Burns = fire, steam & hot water, chemicals, electricity & frostbite

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13
Q

Principle 1

A 
2 projections 90° to each other with true CR-part-IR alignment
Angling of CR and IR as needed
Patient not able to move
Exception to true AP and lateral principle
Patient condition
Unavoidable obstructions
Still attempt
Document
Exception to CR-part-IR alignment
CR-part relationship maintained
Part-IR not maintained
Results in part distortion
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14
Q

Principle 2

A 
Entire structure is included on image
Selection of IR
AP/Lat projections
Both joints should be included
Secondary fractures
“Always include a Joint” rule
Follow up exams
Joint nearest fracture site
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15
Q

Principle 3

A 
Maintain safety for patient, healthcare worker & public
Moving equipment
Side rails
Original location
ALARA principle
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16
Q

What is Dislocation or luxation

A

Bone displaced from joint

Abnormal shape or alignment

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17
Q

Subluxation also called

A

Partial dislocation

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18
Q

Sprain

A

Twisting of a joint resulting in partial rupture or tearing of ligaments w/o dislocation
Severe sprain – swelling & discoloration

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19
Q

Fracture is

A

Break in a bone

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20
Q

Apposition

A

Fragmented ends make contact with each other

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21
Q

Anatomic apposition

A

Fragmented ends make end-to-end contact

22
Q

Lack of apposition or distraction

A

Fragmented ends are aligned but pulled apart

23
Q

Bayonet apposition

A

Fragments overlap and shafts make contact

Fracture ends do not

24
Q

Angulation

A

Loss of alignment of fracture

25
Q

Apex angulation

A

Direction or angle of apex of fracture

Medial or lateral apex

26
Q

Varus deformity

A

Distal part of distal fragment angled toward midline of body (Lateral apex – points away)

27
Q

Valgus deformity

A

Distal part of distal fragment angled away from midline; apex pointed toward midline

28
Q

Simple or closed fracture

A

Bone does not break through skin

29
Q

Compound or open fracture

A

Portion of bone protrudes through skin

30
Q

Incomplete Fracture

A

Fracture does not traverse through entire bone
In Children:
Torus – Buckling of cortex with localized expansion; no complete break in cortex
Greenstick (hickory or willow stick

31
Q

Complete fracture

A

Break is complete; broken into 2 pieces

32
Q

Transverse fracture

A

A near right angle to long axis of bone

33
Q

Oblique fracture

A

Fracture passes at an oblique angle

34
Q

Spiral fracture

A

Bone is twisted apart and fracture spirals around long axis

35
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

Bone is splintered or crushed @ site of impact resulting in 2 or more fragments

36
Q

Segmental fx

A

2 fracture lines isolate a distinct segment of bone
Broken into 3 pieces
Middle pieces broken at both ends

37
Q

Butterfly fx

A

2 fragments on each side of a wedge-shaped separate fragment

38
Q

Splintered fx

A

Bone is splintered into thin, sharp fragments

39
Q

How much kVp need to increase for Fiberglass cast

A

3 to 4 kVP

40
Q

How much kVp need to increase for Small to medium plaster cast

A

5-7 kVp

41
Q

How much kVp need to increase for Large plaster cast

A

8-10 kVp

42
Q

What need to do with Patient Motion

A

Short exposure time

Small focal spot

43
Q

Move the tube and IR rather than

A

the patient

44
Q

Position the stretcher adjacent to

A

The upright Bucky

Higher grid ratio

45
Q

For AP projections Move the pt

A

Superiorly to inferiorly

46
Q

For Lateral projections move the pt

A

Inferiorly to superiorly

47
Q

For Oblique projections need

A

Separate structures

48
Q

For Supine position

A

Image patient by reversing or modifying projection

49
Q

For pt with Penetrated foreign object

A

Mark the entrance and exit wound
Visible on all projections
2 projections required

50
Q

For Aspirated or swallowed object

A

Moving patient

Do not leave alone

51
Q

“Best Practices” In Trauma are:

A

I. Speed: Quality images in short amount of time
II. Accuracy: Minimal amount of distortion and maximum amount of detail
III. Quality: High quality images even when moving quickly
IV. Positioning: Principle #1
V. Practice standard precautions
VI. Immobilization
VII. Anticipation
Special projections
VIII. Attention to detail (patient)
IX. Attention to protocol & scope of practice
X. Professionalism

Hannah RAD III (25 decks)

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