Trauma Imaging Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is trauma?

A
  • A sudden, unexpected dramatic event

- Incorporates a range of conditions

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2
Q

In trauma imaging, how does one approach the standard projections that are part of the routine protocol for imaging different body parts?

A

Adaptation (to patient)

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3
Q

What are the differences among the four levels of hospitals?

A

Level 1 –
Level 2 –
Level 3 –
Level 4 -

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4
Q

***What are the different types of forces associated with trauma imaging?

A
  • Blunt trauma (MVA, collisions, falls & aggravated assault)
  • Penetrating trauma (gun shot wounds, stab wounds, impalement injuries, foreign body ingestion & aspiration)
  • Explosive trauma (pressure shock waves, high-velocity projectiles & burns)
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5
Q

***What is Principle 1 for trauma imaging?

A

2 projections 90 degrees to each other with true CR-part-IR alignment

- Angling of CR and IR as needed
- Consider patient’s condition
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6
Q

***What is Principle 2 of trauma imaging?

A

Entire structure is included on image

  • Selection of IR size
  • Secondary fractures
  • Joint nearest fracture site
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7
Q

What is Principle 3 of trauma imaging?

A

To maintain safety for patients, healthcare workers and the public

- Side rails
- ALARA principle
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8
Q

Fracture Terms 9-29:

-Dislocation or luxation

A

-Bone displaced from joint

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9
Q

***-Subluxation or partial dislocation

A

-Abnormal shape or alignment

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10
Q

Sprain

A

Twisting of a joint resulting in partial rupture or tearing of ligaments w/o dislocation

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11
Q

Fracture

A

Break in a bone

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12
Q

Apposition

A

Alignment or disalignment describing the relationship of the long axes of fx fragments

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13
Q

Anatomic apposition

A

Fragmented ends make end-to-end contact

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14
Q

***Lack of apposition or distraction

A

Fragmented ends are aligned but pulled apart

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15
Q

Bayonet apposition

A

Fragments overlap and shafts make contact (fracture ends do not)

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16
Q

Angulation

A

Loss of alignment of fracture

17
Q

Apex

A

Direction or angle of apex of fracture

18
Q

***Varus deformity

A

Distal part of distal fragment angled toward midline of body (lateral apex – points away)

19
Q

Valgus deformity

A

Distal part of distal fragment angled away from midline (apex pointed toward midline)

20
Q

***Simple/closed

A

Bone does not break through skin

21
Q

Compound/open

A

Portion of bone protrudes through skin

22
Q

Incomplete

A

Fracture does not traverse through entire bone

23
Q

Complete

A

Break is complete and broken into 2 pieces

24
Q

Torus or Buckle

A

Buckling of cortex with localized expansion and no complete break in cortex

25
Q

Greenstick

A

Fracture on one side only with the other side bent

26
Q

Transverse fracture

A

Near right angle to long axis of bone

27
Q

Oblique fracture

A

Fracture that passes at an oblique angle to long axis of bone

28
Q

Spiral fracture

A

Bone is twisted apart and fracture spirals around long axis of bone

29
Q

Cast Conversion 30-32:

-Fiberglass cast

A

-Increase kVp by 3-4kV

30
Q

***Small to medium plaster cast

A

Increase kVp by 5 to 7 kV

31
Q

Large plaster cast

A

Increase kVp by 8 to 10 kV