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Hannah RAD III > MRI - PPT > Flashcards

MRI - PPT Flashcards

1
Q

Who discovered the properties of MRI?

A

1940s

Bloch & Purcell

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2
Q

Who produced 1st MRI image of a human being?

A

1977

Damadian

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3
Q

Who awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology for discoveries in MRI?

A

2003

Lauterbur & Mansfield

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4
Q

Who produced 1st MRI image of an object?

A

1973

Lauterbur

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5
Q

When was 1st MRI equipment became available for

installation?

A

1980s

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6
Q

MRI depends of

A

The properties of the nucleus of an atom

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7
Q

Hydrogen is used since

A

It is the most abundant element in the body

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8
Q

Hydrogen with a single proton in its nucleus is

A

The strongest nuclear magnet, therefore creating the strongest MRI signal

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9
Q

RF (radiofrequency) coils are

A

“antenna” of the MRI system that broadcasts the RF signal to the patient and/or receives the return signal
(Received signals & send feedback)

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10
Q

Gradient coils are used to

A
  • Produce deliberatevariations in the main magnetic field (Bo).
  • There are usually three sets of gradient coils, one for each direction (x, y, z axes)
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11
Q

Resistive magnets

A
  • Simple, large electromagnets

- Limited field strength (no more than 0.6 T)

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12
Q

Superconductive (cryogenic) magnets

A
  • Electromagnets that use liquid helium for cooling

- Permits higher magnet strengths than resistive magnets

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13
Q

Permanent magnets

A
  • Does not require electricity or cooling
  • Heavy, massive
  • Smaller fringe field
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14
Q

Clinical MRI uses

A

Superconductive (cryogenic) magnets

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15
Q

Magnetic field strength is measured in

A

tesla (T) or gauss (G)

1 T = 10,000 G

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16
Q

Earth’s natural magnetic field is

A

0.5 G

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17
Q

Low-field magnets range is

A

0.2 T – 1.0T

18
Q

High-field magnets range is

A

1.5T and higher

19
Q

FDA has approved up to ………………….. magnets for clinical imaging of babies and up to 8T for clinical imaging of adults and children

A

4T

20
Q

Outside the U.S., up to ……………. can be used

A

15T

China 27T

21
Q

Patient Table is

A

Hydraulically or mechanically driven

Magnetically safe and contain no metal parts

22
Q

Patient Table Must allow for

A

attachment of coils and immobilization devices

23
Q

Patient Table Weight limits range from

A

300 – 660 lbs

24
Q

T1‐weighted image is Used to evaluate

A
  • Anatomy (structure)

• Characterized by bright fat & dark water

25
Q

T2‐weighted image is Used to evaluate

A
  • Pathology

• Characterized by bright water & dark fat

26
Q

2 Types of Contrast Media

A
  1. Gadolinium compounds

2. Iron oxide mixtures

27
Q

Gadolinium compounds also called

A

Paramagnetic substance

T1 agent

28
Q

Gadolinium compounds is

A
  • Most commonly used
  • Lower toxicity and fewer side effects than iodinated IV contrast
  • Used in the evaluation of the CNS and for tumor detection
29
Q

Iron oxide mixtures also called

A

Superparamagnetic substance

T2 agent

30
Q

Iron oxide mixtures is used to

A

Detect and diagnose liver lesions

31
Q

MRI Safety: 4 Basic Areas of Concern

A
  • Thermal injuries
  • Acoustic noise
  • Projectiles
  • Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
32
Q

Thermal Injuries

A

Burns can result when:
• Cables from coils are in contact with the
patient’s skin
• Metals, wires, medication skin patches with
foil, and ferromagnetic inks from tattoos are
present in the scanner

33
Q

Acoustic Noise

A
  • MRI can produce noise up to 130 dB

- Ear plugs can reduce the noise by 10-30 dB

34
Q

Projectiles

A

The missile effect
the force with which projectiles are pulled towards a magnetic field is proportional to:
• the strength of the magnet
• the distance from the magnet
• the mass of the object
• the material that the object is made of

35
Q

Ferromagnetic metal object can reach a
terminal velocity of ……………….when pulled into a
………………………. magnet

A

40 mph

1.5T

36
Q

MRI offers

A

superior imaging of soft-tissue structures

37
Q

MRI does NOT use

A

ionizing radiation

38
Q

MRI Contrast material is better tolerated compared to

A

Radiography and CT

39
Q

Proper patient screening is

A

utmost importance

40
Q

the magnet is ALWAYS

A

ON

Hannah RAD III (25 decks)

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