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Hannah RAD III > Mobile Imaging PPT > Flashcards

Mobile Imaging PPT Flashcards

1
Q

What locations are mobile x‐ray

machines commonly used in?

A 
Nursing Home
ED
PACU
Post surgery
ICU
Neonatal Units
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2
Q

Historical overview

A

• Military for treating battlefield injuries during
WW1
• Small portable units carried (“portable”) by
soldiers and set up in the field

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3
Q

Who invented the 1st portable machine?

the product infield of refrigerator

A

Frederick Jones

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4
Q

Who got a Noble Prize-winning physicist & put money to portable machines into WW I ambulances?

A

Marie Curie

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5
Q

***What are the ranges for kVp on a mobile x-ray machine?

A

40 to 130 kVp

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6
Q

***What are the ranges for mAs on a mobile x-ray machine?

A

0.04 to 320 mAs

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7
Q

What is the total unit of power for a mobile x-ray machine?

A

Between 15 and 25 kW

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8
Q

What is an MOBILE X-RAY MACHINE?

A

•Preset anatomic programming with exposure
techniques based on selected exam
•Direct digital capability
•Flat panel detector

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9
Q

What are the two classifications of mobile x-ray machines?

A

Battery operated units

Capacitor discharge units

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10
Q

What is Battery operated units?

A
  • 2 sets of batteries
  • 10 to 16 12 volt batteries connected in a series
  • One controls x‐ray power output
  • Provides power for self‐propelling driving ability
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11
Q

Average walking speed

Battery operated units

A

2.5 to 3 mph

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12
Q

Maximum incline of Battery operated units is

A

7 degrees

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13
Q

***Battery operated units when fully charged

A

10 to 15 exposures
10 miles on level ground
8 hours charging time

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14
Q

Driving mechanism of Battery operated units

A
  • Forward/reverse
  • Deadman brake
  • Machine instantly stops when handle is released
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15
Q

***Advantages of Battery operated units

A
  • Cordless

* Constant kVp and mAs

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16
Q

What is CAPACITOR-DISCHARGE

UNITS?

A

•Do not operate on batteries
•Capacitor stores electrical energy & charges
briefly before each exposure
•Capacitor builds up a charge when the exposure
button is pushed; when the pre‐selected charge
is reached, capacitor sends charge to x‐ray tube

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17
Q

***What are the advantages of the capacitor-discharge unit?

A
  • Smaller size
  • Easy to move
  • Lighter in weight
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18
Q

What are the disadvantage of the capacitor-discharge unit?

A

• kVp drops constantly during exposure
• kVp may start @ 100 and drop to 80 kVp by end of
exposure

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19
Q

***What are the three important technical factors for mobile imaging?

A

Grid
Anode heel effect
SID

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20
Q

***Grid must be

A

Level
Centered to CR
Correctly used @ recommended focal distance

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21
Q

The incorrect use of a grid can result in loss of density across all or part of an image. Grid cut-off can result from 4 factors:

A
  1. off-center grid
  2. off-level grid
  3. off-focus grid
  4. upside-down grid
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22
Q

***If a longitudinal grid tilts transversely such as when placing under a patient on a mattress, the CR forms an angle across the long axis of the grid resulting in:

A

“Grid cutoff” results or

A lost of image density

23
Q

If a longitudinal grid Tilts longitudinally, CR is angled but through long axis resulting in

A

Image is distorted

NO grid cutoff

24
Q

***Grid cutoff results if

A

CR is directed transversely off from midline of

grid by more than 1 to 1 ½”

25
Q

The more CR is off centered

A

The greater the grid cutoff.

26
Q

***What is Grid cutoff?

A

Decreases density on image

27
Q

***What is the ratio range for most focus type grids?

A

6:1 or 8:1

28
Q

What is the focal range for most focus type grids?

A

36 to 44” focal range

29
Q

Recommended focal range

A

• Varies with grid ratio
•Projections taken@ distances greater or less than
recommended distance produces cutoff
• Reduced image density @ lateral margins

30
Q

***What is the grid ratio for portable grid?

A

6:1 or 8:1

31
Q

What is the grid ratio for bucky grid?

A

12:1

32
Q

***What is the concept of the anode heel effect?

A

The intensity of radiation from the cathode end is greater than at the anode end.

33
Q

***The heel effect causes

A

a decrease in image density @ anode end due to the greater absorption of x-rays.

34
Q

A thicker body part @ …………….end

A thinner part @ …………. end.

A

Cathode

Anode

35
Q

***The heel effect More defined as

A
  • Short SID
  • Large field size
  • Small anode angle
36
Q

***Mobile radiography produces some of the …………….. occupational radiation exposures for radiographers.

A

Highest

37
Q

***Recommended minimal distance from mobile unit when making exposure is

A

6 feet

or length of the cord.

38
Q

***The single most effective means of radiation protection is

A

Distance

39
Q

***According to the Federal Safety Regulation, SSD or source-to-skin distance cannot be less than

A

12 inches

40
Q

Maintained @ ………………. for most mobile exams

A

40 inches

41
Q

Longer SIDs require ……………………………… to

compensate for additional distance

A

increased mAs

42
Q

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS for mobile are

A
  • Technique chart
  • Calipers
  • Radiation safety
43
Q

***Stand @ a ……………….. to primary beam – least

amount of scatter radiation

A

right angle

44
Q

CHEST – AP PROJECTION

A

• Internally rotate arms TO move Scapular away
• Ensure no rotation of upper torso
• Midsagittal plane centered to IR
• Top of IR 2” above relaxed shoulders
•CR perpendicular to IR and 3” below jugular
notch @ level of T7

45
Q

AP or PA CHEST PROJECTION (LATERAL DECUBITUS)

A
  • Lateral recumbent
  • Place support under patient to elevate 2‐3”
  • Coronal plane is vertical
  • IR is placed 2” above shoulders
  • CR is horizontal & perpendicular entering 3” below jugular notch
46
Q

AP PROJECTION - ABDOMEN

A
  • Position IR to include pubic symphysis to upper abdomen region
  • Center MSP to midline of IR
  • Center IR to level of iliac crest
  • CR perpendicular along MSP @ level of iliac crest or 10th rib laterally
47
Q

***AP or PA PROJECTION – Abdomen Left

Lateral Decubitus Position

A

• True Left lateral recumbent position with coronal plane vertical
• IR is centered 2” above iliac crest to include
diaphragm
• Before exposure, patient has been in lateral
recumbent position for @ least 5 minutes
• Air to rise/Fluid to settle
•CR horizontal & perpendicular to center of
IR along MSP

48
Q

AP PROJECTION - PELVIS

A

• 14 x 17 crosswise
• Position IR under pelvis with center midway
between ASIS & pubicsymphysis (2” inferior to
ASIS & 2” superior to pubic symphysis)
•Center MSP to midline of IR
•Rotate patient’s legs medially 15 degrees
•Respiration: Suspend
•CR perpendicular to MSP entering 2” abovepubic symphysis & 2”below ASIS

49
Q

AP PROJECTION – FEMUR (Distal)

A

• 14 x 17 lengthwise
• Place distal edge of IR low enough to include
fx site, pathologicregion & knee joint
• Elevate IR if necessary to ensure proper alignment with tube – IR parallel to femoral condyles
•Respiration: Suspend
•CR perpendicular to long axis of femur &centered to grid
• Structure: distal 2/3 of femur including knee jt

50
Q

AP PROJECTION – FEMUR

Proximal

A
  • 14 x 17 lengthwise
  • Place under proximal femur & hip
  • Top of IR @ ASIS to include hip jt
  • CR is directed to center of IR and long axis of femur
51
Q

LATERAL PROJECTION - FEMUR

A

• 14 x 17 lengthwise
• Include distal knee joint
• Elevate unaffected leg until femur is almost vertical
•CR perpendicular to long axis of femur entering @
midpoint
•Demonstrates distal 2/3 of femur
• Digital
• Measure through thickest part of femur to select appropriate kVp
• Position cathode over proximal femur to improve CR image

52
Q

LATERAL – C-SPINE (Right or left

dorsal decubitus position)

A

• 10 x 12 lengthwise
• Top of IR 1” above EAM to center IR @ C4
( upper thyroid cartilage)
• Raise chin slightly (contraindicated – fx)
• Relax shoulders
•Respiration: Full expiration
• Depresses shoulders
• SID of 60 to 72”
•CR horizontal and perpendicular @ level of C4
• Ensure proper alignment of CR & IR to prevent grid cutoff
•Must include C7

53
Q

AP PROJECTION – CHEST &

ABDOMEN - Neonate

A

Florida Hospital protocol does not include chest/abdomen as 1 view

Hannah RAD III (25 decks)

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